The Inclusion of Minority Groups in Clinical Trials: Problems of Under Representation and Under Reporting of Data

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the representation of minority groups in randomized control trials (RCTs), and the frequency with which this information is reported.

Study Design: Reviewers collected data on the racial/ethnic composition of study samples from all RCTs published in six leading medical journals in 1999.

Results: Of the 280 RCTs, most (204, 71.3%) provided no information on the race/ethnicity of participants. Of the 89 U.S.-based RCTs, 50 (56.1%) reported their minority distribution. Relative to other trials, those funded by the National Institute of Health (NIH) (n = 52) were more likely to report race/ethnicity data (55.8% vs. 23.7%; χ² = 20.9, p ≤ 0.001) and to include nonwhite participants (13.5% vs. 12.5%; χ² = 22.7, p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion: Minority groups are currently under-represented in clinical trials. Information on the race and ethnicity of clinical trial participants is currently underreported in six leading medical journals. Reporting of minority group information was significantly better only in NIH funded trials, which also were more likely to include nonwhite participants. This suggests that mandatory reporting policies may have a positive effect on both reporting and representation.

Keywords:

• minority groups
• clinical trials
• medical journals
• systematic review
• ethnicity

P.A. Rochon was supported by an Investigator Award from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. A. Mashari, A. Cohen, A. Misra, D. Laxer, and J. Gold were supported by a Summer Research Studentship from the Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care. We thank Penny de Nobrega RN for her assistance with the manuscript preparation.

P.A. Rochon was supported by an Investigator Award from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. A. Mashari, A. Cohen, A. Misra, D. Laxer, and J. Gold were supported by a Summer Research Studentship from the Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care. We thank Penny de Nobrega RN for her assistance with the manuscript preparation.