Outcome Measures for Disease Monitoring in Intraocular Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases (OCTOMERIA): Understanding the Choroid in Uveitis with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

ABSTRACT

Purpose

To compare imaging modalities for the choroid of the eye, and evaluate various choroidal changes in uveitides entities.

Methods

A comprehensive systematic literature review was conducted looking at current imaging modalities available to assess choroid architecture and commonly used parameters available to qualify and quantify choroidal changes, before looking at specific uveitides entities with choroidal involvement which have been broadly separated into non-infectious and infectious in etiology.

Results

We describe the various modalities currently available to evaluate the choroid of the eye such as Ultrasound B Scan, ICGA, and OCT. Choroidal changes in various ocular and systemic diseases such as Behcet's Disease, Sarcoidosis, Syphillis, Tuberculosis, and many more have been reported and published.

Conclusion

Multiple choroidal tomographic and angiotomographic findings have been demonstrated for evaluation in uveitis. These findings can manifest in multiple ocular and systemic diseases, and can be illustrated using the various imaging modalities at present. Future advancements in choroidal imaging would help to adapt these findings into parameters for clinical practice to properly evaluate these ocular and systemic diseases.

KEYWORDS:

• Choroid
• imaging
• optical coherence tomography
• optical coherence tomography angiography
• choroidal thickening
• choroidal vascularity index

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Correction Statement

This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Additional information

Funding

Dr Wei Xin and Dr Rupesh Agrawal are funded by National Medical Research Council Grants for the project on OCTOMERIA under CS-NIG grant. Dr Rupesh Agrawal is funded by National Medical Research Council Grant for project on ocular tuberculosis under NMRC CSA-INV grant. Prof Leopold Schmetter’s work is funded: by grants from the National Medical Research Council [CG/C010A/2017_SERI; OFIRG/0048/2017; OFLCG/004c/2018; TA/MOH-000249-00/2018 and MOH-OFIRG20nov-0014], National Research Foundation Singapore [NRF2019-THE002-0006 and NRF-CRP24-2020-0001], A*STAR [A20H4b0141], the Singapore Eye Research Institute & Nanyang Technological University (SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Program), the Duke-NUS Medical School (Duke-NUS-KP(Coll)/2018/0009A), and the SERI-Lee Foundation (LF1019-1) Singapore.