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Child Neuropsychology
A Journal on Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence
Volume 21, 2015 - Issue 2
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Review Article

Perinatally acquired HIV infection: Long-term neuropsychological consequences and challenges ahead

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Pages 234-268 | Received 06 Oct 2013, Accepted 22 Feb 2014, Published online: 03 Apr 2014
 

Abstract

Over the past three decades, perinatal HIV infection in the United States has evolved from a fatal disease to a manageable chronic illness. As the majority of youth with perinatal HIV infection age into adolescence and adulthood, management of this stigmatizing, transmittable disease in the backdrop of a cadre of environmental stressors presents challenges beyond those of other chronic illnesses. The neurologic and neuropsychological consequences of this neurotropic virus have important implications for the successful navigation of responsibilities related to increasingly independent living of this aging population. This article will review the neurologic and neuropsychological consequences of perinatal HIV infection and concomitant factors in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy and will provide an overview of the neuropathology, pathogenesis, neuroimaging findings, and treatment of perinatal HIV infection, as well as recommendations for service provision and future research.

The authors would like to acknowledge the following individuals for their review and input in preparing this article: Heather Conklin, Claude Mellins, Nehali Patel, and Rick Rutstein.

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