Time perception in children with attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Does task matter? A meta-analysis study

ABSTRACT

We aimed to assess the effects of the nature of the task on time perception deficit (TPD) in children with attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The inconsistent results from 12 studies in children with ADHD revealed that the problem of time estimation was more obvious in prospective tasks in long-duration intervals. The modality is not a decisive factor. Only two studies reported the subtypes of ADHD that showed TPD in all subtypes. Children with ADHD have difficulties in time perception (TP). The problem is obvious in different types of modality including visual and auditory, in different types of task time estimation, time reproduction, and especially in longer duration.

KEYWORDS:

• Attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• time perception
• time estimation
• delay discounting
• modality

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Supplementary material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2020.1712347.