Manchester–Oxford Foot Questionnaire Chinese version (MOXFQ-Ch): a validity and cross-cultural adaptation

Abstract

Purpose

To perform the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire Chinese Version (MOXFQ-Ch) through a cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the original questionnaire.

Material and methods

Three hundred and sixty nine patients (241 women/128 men, 48.75 ± 8.17 years old) with a diagnosis of hallux valgus foot (237 both feet; 74 right foot; 58 left foot) participated in this observational study. A translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire to Chinese was developed. Each participant completed twice the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire. In addition, the psychometric characteristics of Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire Chinese Version were analyzed for internal consistency, construct validity and criterion validity (EuroQoL-5D; Short-Form 12v2; Foot Functional Index were used).

Results

The internal consistency of the different sub-scales and total value of the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire Chinese Version ranged between 0.976 (walking/standing) and 0.991 (pain). Moreover, in the item response analysis, the results ranged between 0.973 (walking/standing) and 0.998 (pain). The standard error of the measurement scores ranged between 1.071 (social interaction) and 1.864 (Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire Chinese Version total value). The values of Minimal Detectible Change 90 were 4342. In addition, values of the root mean square error of approximation and Goodness-of-fit index were: 0.076 and 0.916 respectively. For criterion validity, were used the questionnaires: Short-Form 12v2, Foot Function Index (Chinese Version), and EuroQol-5D. Correlations with the three factors show a “r” value ranged between 0.104 (Factor 1 – SF12v2-Sub-scale) to 0.819 (FFI-Ch).

Conclusions

The Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire has been translated and culturally adapted from the original version into Chinese. Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire Chinese Version has shown excellent internal consistency, external validity ranges from moderate to excellent (depending on the questionnaire used) and, demonstrated a structure of one factor psychometrically supported. Consequently, the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire Chinese Version could be introduced into Chinese-speaking clinical and research settings to assess and monitor patients with hallux valgus

Implications for rehabilitation

• Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire has been cross-cultural adapted from the original version to Chinese.

• Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire Chinese Version have been reported satisfactory psychometric properties and consistent results.

• Chinese speaking clinician and researcher, could use the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire Chinese Version to assess and follow up patients with food and ankle disease.

Keywords:

• Hallux valgus
• patient reported outcome
• psychometric
• questionnaire
• validation studies

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.