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Abstract
This paper investigates the role of state played in the regional innovation systems through state universities and legal and institutional set-up within Turkey. Initially, the paper will discuss the lack of regional perspective in policy-making that, until very recently, was predominant in Turkey. Secondly, the paper examines two salient laws that have ramifications for regional economics. The key elements in regional innovation systems can be split apart into two sections. On one side there are technology development regions/centres, and university–industry joint research centres. On the other side, taking into account the public research undertaken, there are the state universities, and the role that they play in the earlier mentioned centres/regions. The econometric analysis asserts that each of these elements has a positive and statistically significant effect on the patenting performance of regions.
Acknowledgements
The author is grateful to Erol Taymaz and two anonymous referees for invaluable suggestions and comments. The usual disclaimer applies.
Notes
Turkey started to introduce 5-year development plans in 1962. Currently, the ninth development plan is being prepared.
Academic staff in state universities are legally treated as civil servants in Turkey.
Two of these technoparks in the list have already been established prior to the introduction of the law, and now operate in the mentioned legal infrastructure. It is indicated that some technoparks were founded, i.e. in 2002, but they started to operate later.
In the recent innovation survey Technoparks/Technology Development Regions and Technology Development Centres have been identified as the knowledge sources of innovation by 16.4% of innovative firms. This proportion is 19.3% for public institutions or non-profit private organizations (TUIK, Citation2000).
The data for the number of publications in the international journals indexed in SCI, SSCI, and AHCI is used only for 2004.