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Abstract
The INTERREG-A, the largest of the Community Initiatives, has been supporting the cross-border cooperation (CBC) in European Union (EU) territory, over the past 19 years, thus contributing to redraw a new political map of Europe, by reducing the barrier effect and reinforcing common development strategies. During this period, several new partnerships and institutions have been established, creating networks that connect a wider range of local and regional actors into the CBC process, on both sides of the borders. Some of these entities have gradually started to call themselves Euroregions, based on non-rigid criteria, even though, in some cases, they lack legal personality and operate on an informal basis. Moreover, it was recently approved by the European Commission the possibility to establish European Groupings of Territorial Cooperation, with legal personality, in border areas, to overcome the obstacles to the CBC process. Therefore, in this article, we propose a new CBC typology which looks at the concept of Euroregion in a geographical perspective, supported on different criteria and adapted to the present-day reality of the European border territories.
Acknowledgement
I would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on an earlier version of the article.
Notes
According to M. Perkmann Citation(2003a), a cross-border region is a “bounded territorial unit composed of the territories of authorities participating in a CBC initiative”.
This border does not match exactly the INTERREG-A Swedish–Norwegian intervention area. Nevertheless, for simplicity sake, we use all the area of the border NUTS III in the Swedish side of the border (Dalarna and Västra Götalands).
Regulation (EC) no. 1082/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 July 2006.