The Institutionalization of the European Internal Cross-Border Co-operation Policy: A First Appraisal

ABSTRACT

In the space of just 20 years, internal cross-border co-operation (CBC) has transformed from a marginal issue for European integration into an important strand of the third objective of European Union's (EU's) regional policy. How might this process of transformation be explained? This study intends to reconstruct the chronology of its development through interviews and use of archival material. The emergence of the current CBC policy was not, we argue, an inevitable solution to the problem of border management but, rather, the result of a struggle between the actors of that policy sub-system. The dramatic rise of CBC is the result of a series of factors that originated with the signing of the Single European Act in 1986. The construction of CBC as a set of problems and solutions by a network of policy actors at the margins of the EU through a series of technical reports, together with the policy window opened by the appointment of the Delors Commission, allowed the launching of an innovative CBC policy which has consolidated over time.

Acknowledgements

We wish to acknowledge, through partnership with Xabier Itçaina and Cathal McCall, support of the “Vers une gouvernance transfrontalière en réseau? Les expériences du tiers secteur dans les territoires frontaliers basque et irlandais, 2010–2014” programme, funded by the Regional Council of Aquitaine (France).