Threat Perception and European Identity Building: The Case of Elites in Belgium, Germany, Lithuania and Poland

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Notes

This research was funded by a grant from the Intune project (Integrated and United: A Quest for Citizenship in an Ever Closer Europe) financed by the Sixth Framework Programme of the European Union, Priority 7, Citizens and Governance in a Knowledge Based Society.

¹For an outstanding analysis of how political debates and dominant national political discourses have related to the British, German and French Europeanisation since 1950s, see Risse (2001).

²We did not use a usual regression model for ordinal outcomes, since in two of the three models some coefficients of the independent variables did not conform to the parallel regression/proportional odds assumption.

³We note that this relationship is significant only at a 0.1 confidence level.

⁴We note again that this relationship is significant only at a 0.1 confidence level.