Effects of membrane reference state on shape memory of a red blood cell

Abstract

By using a three-dimensional continuum model, we simulate the shape memory of a red blood cell after the remove of external forces. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the effect of membrane reference state on cell behavior during the recovery process. The reference state of an elastic element is the geometry with zero stress. Since the cell membrane is composed of cytoskeleton and lipid bilayer, both the reference states of cytoskeleton (RSC) and lipid bilayer (RSL) are considered. Results show that a non-spherical RSC can result in shape memory. The energy barrier due to non-spherical RSC is determined by the ratio of the equator length to the meridian length of the RSC. Thus different RSCs can have similar energy barrier and leading to identical recovery response. A series of simulations of more intermediate RSCs show that the recovery time scale is inversely proportional to the energy barrier. Comparing to spherical RSL, a spheroid RSL contributes to the energy barrier and recovery time. Furthermore, we observe a folding recovery due to the biconcave RSL which is different from the tank treading recovery. These results may motivate novel numerical and experimental studies to determine the exact RSC and RSL.

Keywords:

• Red blood cell
• shape memory
• reference state

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51521064; the National Natural Science Foundation under Grant 51505455.

Disclosure statement

We declare that in the Acknowledgments section of our manuscript, we have listed all contributors and detailed sources of funding and their role.