Synergistic effect of chrysin and kaempferol in ameliorating Cerebral Ischemic Reperfusion injury in rat by controlling expression of proinflammatory mediators NF-κB and STAT3

ABSTRACT

Objectives

The two flavonoids kaempferol and chrysin are known to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In addition, these two flavonoids were reported to display synergistic effects against inflammation. The present study aims to provide an analysis of the combined effects of kaempferol and chrysin on ischemic rat brain induced by endothelin-1.

Methods

The neurological deficit score and infarct area of the brain were determined post drug treatment. Histopathological sections displayed the morphological changes in the brain tissue. The brain tissues were processed for assessing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity by measuring superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity, level of reduced glutathione, brain malondialdehyde, and amount of calcium. The expression level of inflammatory molecules was analyzed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry.

Results

The infarct area, neurological score and NF-κB and STAT3 expression levels were significantly reduced.

Discussion

The analysis of neuroprotective synergistic activity of kaempferol and chrysin indicated the therapeutic potential of the combination in alleviating cerebral ischemia by controlling expression of proinflammatory mediators.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion
• kaempferol
• chrysin
• anti-inflammation
• antioxidant
• NF-κB
• STAT3
• synergistic effect

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability

Data will be available on request.

Ethical statement

All the animal experimentations in this research were executed according to recommendation of Institutional animal ethics committee, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani (Registration no. 892/GO/Re/S/01/CPCSEA) as on the meeting held on 22.03.2022.

Additional information

Funding

This project was funded by the University Research Grants – Maulana Azad National Fellowship for Minority Students – (UGC-MANF) and Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India.

Notes on contributors

Nasima Khanam

Nasima Khanam is a PhD scholar in the Department of Zoology at the University of Kalyani, pursuing her work with UGC-MAN Fellowship. She has completed her BSc and MSc in Zoology and currently focusing on research in cerebral ischemia.

Ashutosh Ghosh

Ashutosh Ghosh is a PhD scholar in the Department of Zoology at the University of Kalyani, pursuing his work with CCRAS, Govt of India fellowship. He has completed his BSc and MSc in Zoology and currently focusing on research in cerebral ischemia.

Debjani Nath

Dr Debjani Nath is a senior professor of the Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani. She graduated from the same university and did her PhD at the Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), India. She has a long and awarding teaching and research career of about thirty years having vast experience in the field of reproductive physiology and biochemistry; nanotechnology in medical biology and green technology. She has published 60 research and review papers in reputed journals and twenty book chapters in books of reputed publishers. She has supervised eighteen PhD/MPhil students in her career.