Azole-Based Antibacterial Agents: A Review on Multistep Synthesis Strategies and Biology

Abstract

This article reviews current multistep synthesis strategies of azole-based antibacterial agents. In recent years, extensive use of chemical agents in treating different diseases resulted in the development of drug resistance. The war on multidrug resistance has resulted in the most significant loss to the world’s economy. Thus, the expansion of development of novel and potential candidates such as azoles and its derivatives is an escalating area in the field of medicinal chemistry. Azole compounds are increasingly being considered necessary in drug discovery paradigms as a number of them serve as lead compounds for the discovery of potent therapeutic agents. They have been used to treat bacterial, fungal, malarial, viral, and other general infections. They have also been known for their anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Their efficacy has been attributed to their electron-rich property, resulting in the formation of non-covalent bonds to the receptor proteins. Current research has given us a significant collection of synthetic strategies in the progress of azole compounds. This review article describes the survey of literature regarding multistep synthetic methods in the preparation of azole-based compounds and their antibacterial properties in the last 5 years.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Antibacterial agent
• azole derivatives
• heterocycles
• multistep synthesis

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.