Collaboration of Ultrasonic Irradiation and Silica Nanoparticles in the Diastereoselective Synthesis of Trans-2,3-Dihydrofuran Derivatives: An Exceptional Catalytic Activity of Sound Cavities and SiO₂ Nanoparticles

Abstract

Coupling ultrasonic irradiation with nanoparticles has the potential to result in the synergistic mild and multi-component synthesis of valuable organic compounds. In this work, a fast and one-step strategy was developed for the diastereoselective synthesis of trans-2,3-dihydrofuran derivatives. The combination of ultrasonic waves and silica nanoparticles was promoted the eco-friendly condensation of aromatic aldehydes, 4-hydroxycoumarin, and phenacyl pyridinium bromide with each other in aqueous media smoothly. The method is fast, has high yields compared to the conventional method, low catalyst loading. The catalyst is inexpensive and very mild also is recyclable in six runs without appreciable loss of activity. This sonochemical assisted methodology is the first report of a green and unique one-pot process for the synthesis of trans-2,3-dihydrofurans over silica nanoparticles as a nonmetal oxide catalyst.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Sonochemical reaction
• trans-2,3-Dihydrofurans
• One-pot process
• SiO₂ nanoparticles
• Aqueous media

Acknowledgment

We are grateful to the Research Council of Payame Noor University for financial support.