Metal- and Hazardous Reagent-Free Transamidation Process: the NH₂OH⦁HCl Promoted N-Formylation and N-Acylation Reaction under Solvent-Less Conditions

Abstract

An efficient transamidation process has been described under solvent-less conditions. The transformation has been accomplished by employing NH₂OH⦁HCl as a reagent and amines as substrates. The developed method is achieved in the absence of metals and hazardous reagents. A series of amines were explored to obtain the N-formylation and N-acylation reactions with excellent yields (81-96%) of products. The DFT analysis was also performed, which provides a clear understanding of the described N-formylation process. The postulated mechanism is well supported by the control experiments.

Keywords:

• Transamidation
• C-N bond formation
• amides
• NH₂OH⦁HCl reagent
• DFT analysis

Acknowledgements

CCM appreciates the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), New Delhi for financial supports in the form of research grants (CRG/2020/004509 and ECR/2016/000337). KK and DK are grateful to the Ministry of Education (MoE), New Delhi for fellowship supports. The authors extend their appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2023R396), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Author contributions

The manuscript was written through contributions of all authors and all authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript.