Impact of induced magnetic field on ferromagnetic ternary and hybrid nanofluid flows with surface catalyzed reaction and entropy generation assessment

Abstract

Ternary and hybrid nanofluid flows have a wide range and diverse applications including lubrication, biomedical applications, energy conservation, and heat transfer, and continuous research in this subject is expected to discover new and inventive applications in the future. Aiming the same, the current research is intended to observe the responses of ferromagnetic nanoparticles in a dissipative comparative evaluation of ternary and hybrid nanoliquid flows along an exponentially extended surface under the consequences of an externally induced magnetic field in a porous media. Three distinct forms of ferroparticles—cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄), magnetite (Fe₃O₄), and manganese zinc ferrite (Mn-ZnFe₂O₄)—are taken into account using ethylene glycol as the fundamental fluid. The ternary nanofluid is comprised of (CoFe₂O₄+MnZnFe₂O₄+Fe₃O₄/Ethylene glycol) combination. Whereas (CoFe₂O₄+MnZnFe₂O₄/Ethylene glycol) mixture forms a hybrid nanofluid. A surface-catalyzed reaction is also introduced to regulate the homogeneous and heterogeneous (H-H) reactions and to commence the reaction in a comparatively shorter time. The entropy generation assessment is performed for ferromagnetic ternary and hybrid nanofluid flows. The envisioned mathematical model is transformed into a dimensionless system using a valid non-similarity transformation. The engagement of the non-similar solution eradicates the chance of parameters involving variable terms. The numerical solution for the various distributions is obtained by implementing the bvp4c technique with distinct parameters. Graphical demonstrations and tabular outcomes are given to illustrate the role of emergent parameters. Findings revealed that for surface-catalyzed parameter the concentration profile dwindled more for hybrid nanofluid. Furthermore, hybrid nanofluid flow produces less entropy than ternary nanofluid flow. In addition, it is witnessed that the induced magnetic field is stronger in the case of ternary nanofluid than hybrid nanofluid for increasing magnetic Prandtl number. The corroboration of the presented model is also given.

Keywords:

• Ferromagnetic nanoparticles
• induced magnetic field
• non-similar solutions
• surface catalyzed reaction
• ternary and hybrid nanofluids
• viscous dissipation

Author contribution statement

M.R. supervised and considered the idea; N.S. wrote the manuscript; A.M.S. worked on the software; S.K., and C.A.S., helped in editing, and validation.

Disclosure statement

The authors state that they have no known competing financial interests or personal ties that could appear to have influenced the work described in this study.

Additional information

Funding

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through large group Research Project under grant number: RGP2/568/44.