Mixed convective flow of nanofluid across exponential surface: A numerical assessment of the impact of Darcy-Forchheimer and nanoparticle aggregation

Abstract

Improving heat transmission is a modern difficulty faced in a multitude of areas, incorporating but not limited to electronics, heat exchangers, biochemical reactors, and other similar areas. In their capacity as cutting-edge heat transfer fluids, nanofluids have the promise of becoming a useful instrument in the pursuit of greater energy transfer efficiency. So, the focus of this work is on how it is possible to enhance heat transmission by using nanofluids. Using a stretched exponentially accelerating surface, this analysis investigates the effect that nanoparticle aggregation with thermal radiation has on the $Ti{O}_2-C_2{H}_6{O}_2$ nanofluid of mixed convective stagnation point flow through Darcy-Forchheimer porous surfaces. The aggregation of nanoparticles may be assessed using modified Krieger-Dougherty and Maxwell-Bruggeman models. By using the right similarity transformations, the controlling equations of this problem were turned into a numerical model that can be unraveled. Mathematica was used to resolve the issue numerically by using the shooting with Runge-Kutta (RK-IV) procedure. $Ti{O}_2$ nanoparticles with base fluid $C_2{H}_6{O}_2$ under aggregation effect boost heat transfer performance. A diversity of parameter estimates, including the mixed convection, mass suction, solid volume fraction of nanoparticles, thermal radiation, and stretching, were used to provide solutions for heat transfer and lower skin friction coefficients, as well as velocity and temperature curves. In addition to the findings, there were graphs and tables with explanations. The increase in heat transfer rates was 6.7021% when the suction parameters were set between 2.0 to 2.5 with $\varphi$=0.01. When the amount of nanoparticles volume fraction went from 0% to 1% by volume, the ineptitude of heat transfer went by an average of 4.249%. Aggregation models are often favored over non-aggregation models due to their ability to provide more accurate velocity and skin fraction profiles. Because of their superior precision, they are often used in situations where accuracy is paramount.

Keywords:

• Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium
• mixed convection
• nanoparticle aggregation
• stagnation point flow
• thermal radiation

Data availability

Data will be available on demand from Z.M.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).