Numerical investigation and analysis of heat transfer and thin film flow of Fe₃O₄ and Al₂O₃ nanoparticles dispersed in H₂O over vertical stretching sheet

Abstract

Purpose

This article presents a numerical investigation of thin film flow and heat transfer for lamina, tetrahedron, and hexahedron-shaped nanomaterials of $\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_3{\mathrm{O}}_4$ and $\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{l}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3$ over a time-dependent radially vertical stretching surface. Moreover, magnetohydrodynamics and viscous dissipation effects are also incorporated. Thin-film treatment is especially beneficial in nanotechnology. As a result, the current study’s findings will be useful in a variety of thin film phenomena involving nanoparticles. $\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_3{\mathrm{O}}_4$ thin films have considerable potential in a variety of applications, including sensors and batteries. Aluminum oxide nanoparticles have two key applications: medicines and the materials manufacturing industries.

Methodology

A similarity transformation is employed to produce the nonlinear governing system of equations, which is numerically solved using the BVP4C method in MATLAB. As film thickness depends on the unsteadiness parameter, with an increase in the parameter causing a decrease in film thickness $(\beta ),$ velocity, and temperature.

Findings

The lamina and hexahedron shapes provide maximum and minimum film thickness for $\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_3{\mathrm{O}}_4$ and $\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{l}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3$ both nanoparticles, while the hexahedron and lamina shapes generate maximum and minimum skin friction. The Nusselt numbers exhibit the opposite effect. The highest and lowest heat transfer rates are noticed for lamina and hexahedron-shaped nanoparticles of $\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{l}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3.$

Keywords:

• Magnetohydrodynamic $(\mathrm{MHD})$
• shape factors
• thin film flow
• time-dependent vertical stretching surface
• viscous dissipation

Disclosure statement

There are no relevant financial or nonfinancial competing interests.