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Review Articles

Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for the Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides Based on Nanomaterial-Modified Electrodes: A Review

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Pages 1766-1791 | Published online: 02 Mar 2022
 

Abstract

Organophosphorus pesticides were easily remained in fruits and vegetables which would be harm to the environmental safety and human health. In recent years, due to the simple preparation process, fast response and high sensitivity, the electrochemical (bio)sensors have received increasing attention, which were extensively used as the sensing platform for the detection of OPPs. The mechanisms for the determination of OPPs mainly included redox of nitrophenyl OPPs, enzyme hydrolysis and inhibition, immunosensor, aptasensor. Nowadays, the mainly explored electrode material has focused on metal-organic frameworks, metal and metal derivatives, carbon materials (carbon nanotube, graphene, g-C3N4), MXene, etc. These nanomaterials played important roles in the electrochemical (bio)sensors, which included: (a) as an electrocatalyst to promote the redox reaction, (b) as a carrier to load the enzyme or aptamer, (c) as a recognizer to identify the targets. The nanomaterials-based electrochemical (bio)sensor was a rapid, cost-effective methods to detect OPPs with high sensitivity. Besides, this review compared the analytical performance of different nanomaterials-based electrochemical (bio)sensors, and also identified the key challenges in the future. It would provide new ideas and insights to the further development and application of electrochemical (bio)sensors and the detection of pesticides in real samples.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31901766), Financial support from the Talents of High Level Scientific Research Foundation, Qingdao Agricultural University (No. 1119014, 1120023), and Breeding Plan of Shandong Provincial Qingchuang Research Team (2019).

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