A Review on Thiazole Based Colorimetric and Fluorimetric Chemosensors for the Detection of Heavy Metal Ions

Abstract

Thiazole and its derivatives play an important role in biological and non-biological fields due to several structural and electronic behaviors associated with it. Thiazole derivatives act as chemosensors because they formed metal complexes upon interacting with various heavy metal ions like Cd²⁺, Co²⁺, Cr³⁺, Fe³⁺, Ag⁺, Al³⁺, Cu²⁺, Pd²⁺, Hg²⁺, Ni²⁺, Ga³⁺, In³⁺, Sn⁴⁺, Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺ as well as other cations. These metal ions are of prime importance from the environmental point of view with high. This review article focuses on the thiazole-based colorimetric as well as fluorometric sensor for the recognition of different heavy metal cations in various specimens like agricultural, biological, and environmental. It also summarizes the binding stoichiometry, detection limit, pH, structure, and practical application of the reported thiazole-based chemosensors. Further, the sensing performances, have been discussed and compared with some reported organic sensors.

Keywords:

• Binding stoichometry
• detection limit
• chemosensors
• fluorometric
• heavy metals
• thiazole

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Funding

The authors are thankful to the Deanship of Scientific Research at Najran University for funding this work under the General Research Funding program grant code (NU/DRP/SERC/12/4).