Recent Advancements in Liquid Chromatographic Techniques to Estimate Pesticide Residues Found in Medicinal Plants around the Globe

Abstract

In the present review article, different advanced liquid chromatographic techniques and the advanced techniques other than liquid chromatography that are used to estimate the pesticide residues from different plant-based samples are presented. In the beginning of the article, details of pesticides, their health effects and various cell lines used for the related study has been outlined. Afterward, detailed descriptions regarding pesticides classification are inscribed. In the end, recent advancements in the area of analysis of pesticides for herbal drugs are explained. Solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) are considered as most common method of sample preparation for pesticides and its residual analysis. The most commonly used analytical separation technique for pesticide analysis is liquid chromatography (LC) integrated with mass spectrometry (MS) and MS/MS as Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (QqQ) for the samples analysis where high level of sensitivity and accuracy is required in quantification.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• ethno-medicinal research
• insecticides
• Liquid chromatography
• multi-residue detections

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank the administration of IFTM University for providing special library resources for work related to literature reviews.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.