A Review on Pretreatment and Analysis Methods of Polyether Antibiotics in Complex Samples

Abstract

Polyether antibiotics (PAs) are the anti-coccidiosis drugs used for treating and preventing coccidiosis. Studies show the residues of these antibiotics in food cause adversities and threaten human health. PAs thus need robust, rugged, and accurate methods for their analysis. This review encompasses pretreatment and detection methods of PAs in diverse matrices since 2010. Both conventional and developed methods are part of the pretreatments, such as dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, solvent front position extraction, QuEChERS (Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe), supercritical fluid extraction, and others. The analysis methods involve liquid chromatography coupled with detectors, sensors, etc. The pros and cons of various techniques for PAs have been discussed and future tendencies are proposed.

Highlights

1. Progress of pretreatment and analytical methods for PAs are summarized.

2. Comparisons between different mass analyzers are discussed in detail.

3. Novel materials in microextraction methods are depicted.

Keywords:

• Analytical methods
• complex samples
• polyether antibiotics
• pretreatments

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (2023-MS-172).