Dietary nutrients mediate crosstalk between bile acids and gut microbes in animal host metabolism

Abstract

Bile acids (BAs) are synthesized by liver, then gut microbes embellish primary BAs into secondary BAs with diverse and biological functions. Over the past few decades, amounts of evidences demonstrated the importance of gut microbes in BA metabolism. There is also significant evidence that BAs are regarded as cell signals in gut-liver, gut-brain, and gut-testis axis. Moreover, the interaction between BAs and gut microbes plays a key role not only in the absorption and metabolism of nutrients, but the regulation of immune function. Herein, we collected the major information of the BA metabolism-related bacteria, nutrients, and cell signals, focused on the possible molecular mechanisms by "Microbes-Bile acids" crosstalk, highlighted the gut-liver, gut-brain, and gut-testis axis, and discussed the possibility and application of the regulation of BA metabolism by nutrients.

Keywords:

• Bile acids
• gut microbes
• gut-liver axis
• nutrients
• host metabolism

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31930106 and 31829004), the National Ten-thousand Talents Program of China (23070201), the Henan Province Public Benefit Research Foundation (201300111200-05), the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University (1041-00109019), and the 111 Project (B16044).

Authors’ contributions

X.M. conceived and designed the review. Z.L. collected and analyzed the literature and wrote the original draft. X.M. reviewed and edited the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Table 1. The species of bacteria that metabolize bile acids.