Application on infrared spectroscopy for the analysis of total phenolic compounds in fruits

Abstract

Recent studies have demonstrated the metabolic benefits of phenolic compounds on human health. However, traditional analytical methods used for quantification of total phenolic compounds are time-consuming, laborious, require a high volume of reagents, mostly toxic substances, and involve several steps that can result in systematic and instrumental errors. Spectroscopic techniques have been used as alternatives to these methods for the determination of bioactive compounds directly in the food matrix by minimal sample preparation, without using toxic reagents. Therefore, this overview presents the advantages of nondestructive methods focusing on infrared spectroscopy (IR), for the quantification of total phenolic compounds in fruits. In addition, the main difficulties in applying these spectroscopic techniques are presented, as well as a comparison between the quantification of total phenolic compounds by traditional and IR methods. This review concludes by focusing on model building, highlighting that IR data are mainly processed using the partial least-squares (PLS) regression method to predict total phenolic content. The development of portable and inexpensive IR instruments, combined with multivariate data processing, could give to the consumers a straightforward technology to evaluate the total phenolic content of fruits prior to purchase.

Keywords:

• Bioactive compounds
• phenolic compounds
• infrared spectroscopy
• noninvasive methods
• green chemistry

Additional information

Funding

This study was supported by the “Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil” (CAPES)—Finance Code 001; São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for financial support (grant nos. 2013/12693-0, 2018/03324-5, 2021/12694-3, 2021/12270-9) and Y.J.S.S. fellowship (2019/11479-1); National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for financial support (grant no. 307653/2021-0).