Absorption, metabolism, bioactivity, and biotransformation of epigallocatechin gallate

Abstract

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a typical flavone-3-ol polyphenol containing eight free hydroxyl groups, is associated with a variety of bioactivities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antibacterial activities. However, the poor bioavailability of EGCG restricts its use. In this review, we discuss the processes involved in the absorption and metabolism of EGCG, with a focus on its metabolic interactions with the gut microbiota. Next, we summarize the bioactivities of some key metabolites, describe the biotransformation of EGCG by different microorganisms, and discuss its catabolism by specific bacteria. A deeper understanding of the absorption, metabolism, and biotransformation of EGCG may enable its disease-preventive and therapeutic properties to be better utilized. This review provides a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of EGCG and its metabolites for improving the gut microbiota and physiological health.

Keywords:

• Epigallocatechin gallate
• gut microbiota
• bioactivity
• absorption
• metabolism
• biotransformation

Disclosure statement

There are no conflicts of interest to declare.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31901659, 32172173, 32021005), and Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province.