Context Matters: The Interrelatedness of Early Literacy Skills, Developmental Health, and Community Demographics

Abstract

Whereas the great majority of literacy research has been focused at the child level, this study examined the relationship between early literacy rates, developmental health of the population, and demographics in 23 school communities. The results showed that school-level literacy scores were related to the physical, social, and emotional maturity of the kindergarten population, as well as community demographics, including the proportion of families in each school catchment area living below the low income cutoff, the proportion of single-parent families, and the community 5-year mobility rate. Furthermore, the proportion of children at risk for literacy difficulties varied systematically by school, ranging from 0% to 44%; this risk was strongly related to developmental health and to demographics of the school community. The implications for models of early identification and corresponding intervention programs for at-risk children are discussed.

Notes

¹The cutoffs for the cost of food and housing are set nationally; thus, LICO underestimates poverty in places with high housing costs. Because British Columbia is a high-cost region of the country for food and housing, LICO generally underestimates poverty across the province. However, within one economic region, such as that in which the present study was conducted, the values are valid compared to one another.

*p < .05.

**p < .01.

***p < .001.