Context Matters: The Interrelatedness of Early Literacy Skills, Developmental Health, and Community Demographics

REFERENCES

• Al Otaiba , S. and Fuchs , D. 2002 . Characteristics of children who are unresponsive to early literacy intervention. . Remedial and Special Education , 23 : 300 – 316 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Artiles , A. , Rueda , R. , Salazar , J. and Higareda , I. 2005 . Within-group diversity in minority disproportionate representation: English language learners in urban school districts. . Exceptional Children , 71 : 283 – 300 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battistich , V. , Watson , M. , Solomon , D. , Lewis , C. and Schaps , E. 1999 . Beyond the three R's: A broader agenda for school reform. . Elementary School Journal , 99 : 415 – 429 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baydar , N. , Brooks-Gunn , J. and Furstenberg , F. 1993 . Early warning signs of functional illiteracy: Predictors in childhood and adolescence. . Child Development , 64 : 815 – 829 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beauvais , C. and Jenson , J. 2003 . The well-being of children: Are there “neighborhood effects”? , Ottawa, Ontario, , Canada : Canadian Policy Research Network .
   Google Scholar
• Belfield , C. R. , Nores , M. , Barnett , S. and Schweinhart , L. 2006 . The high/scope Perry Preschool program: Cost-benefit analysis using data from the age-40 followup. . Journal of Human Resources , 41 ( 1 ) : 162 – 190 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biemiller , A. 2005 . “ Size and sequence in vocabulary development: Implications for choosing words for primary grade vocabulary instruction. ” . In Teaching and learning vocabulary: Bridging research to practice , Edited by: Hiebert , E. H. and Kamil , M. 223 – 242 . Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Biemiller , A. and Slonim , N. 2001 . Estimating root word vocabulary growth in normative and advantaged populations: Evidence for a common sequence of vocabulary acquisition. . Journal of Educational Psychology , 93 : 498 – 520 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogard , K. and Takanishi , R. 2005 . PK-3: An aligned and coordinated approach to education for children 3 to 8 years old. . Social Policy Report , 19 ( 3 ) : 3 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Bradley , R. , Danielson , L. and Doolittle , J. 2005 . Response to intervention. . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 38 : 485 – 486 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley , R. H. and Corwyn , R. F. 2002 . Socio-economic status and child development. . Annual Review of Psychology , 53 : 371 – 399 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner , U. 1989 . Ecological systems theory. . Annals of Child Development , 6 : 187 – 249 .
   Google Scholar
• Bruck , M. 1992 . Persistence of dyslexics' phonological awareness deficits. . Developmental Psychology , 28 : 874 – 886 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. 1992 . A power primer. . Psychological Bulletin , 112 : 155 – 159 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conger , R. D. and Donnellan , M. B. 2007 . An interactionist perspective on the socio-economic context of human development. . Annual Review of Psychology , 58 : 175 – 199 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham , A. E. and Stanovich , K. E. 1998 . “ The impact of print exposure on word recognition. ” . In Word recognition in beginning literacy , Edited by: Metsala , J. and Ehri , L. 235 – 262 . Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• D'Angiulli , A. , Warburton , W. , Lloyd , J. , Irwin , L. G. , Kinar , K. and Dahinten , S. 2006 . Grade-four basic skills are associated with pre-school vulnerability. , Unpublished manuscript .
   Google Scholar
• Dearing , E. , McCartney , K. , Weiss , H. B. , Kreider , H. and Simpkins , S. 2004 . The promotive effects of family educational involvement for low-income children's literacy. . Journal of School Psychology , 42 : 445 – 460 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donovan , M. S. and Cross , C. T. 2002 . Minority students in special and gifted education. , Washington, DC : National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Donovan , M. S. , Wigdor , A. K. and Snow , C. E. 2003 . Strategic education research partnership. , Washington, DC : National Academies Press .
   Google Scholar
• Francis , D. , Shaywitz , S. , Stuebing , K. , Shaywitz , B. and Fletcher , J. 1996 . Developmental lag versus deficit models of reading disability: A longitudinal, individual growth curve analysis. . Journal of Educational Psychology , 88 : 3 – 17 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuchs , L. S. , Fuchs , D. and Speece , D. L. 2002 . Treatment validity as a unifying construct for identifying learning disabilities. . Learning Disability Quarterly , 25 : 33 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Good , R. H. and Kaminski , R. A. 2002 . Dynamic indicators of basic early literacy skills , 6th ed. Eugene, OR : Institute for the Development of Educational Achievement .
   Google Scholar
• Gottlieb , J. , Alter , M. , Gottlieb , B. W. and Wishner , J. 1994 . Special education in urban America: It's not justifiable for many. . Journal of Special Education , 27 : 453 – 465 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregg , N. , Hoy , C. , King , M. , Moreland , C. and Jagota , M. 1992 . The MMPI-2 profiles of adults with learning disabilities in university and rehabilitation settings. . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 25 : 386 – 395 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunderson , L. and Clarke , D. K. 1998 . “ An exploration of the relationship between ESL students' backgrounds and their English and academic achievement. ” . In National reading conference yearbook , Vol. 47 Edited by: Shanahan , T. and Rodrigues-Brown , F. V. 264 – 273 . Oak Creek, WI : National Reading Conference .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , J. D. , Bramlett , R. K. , Barnett , D. W. and Cox , F. W. 1994 . Classification of risk status in kindergarten screening: A comparison of alternative measures. . Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment , 12 : 154 – 164 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoddinott , J. , Lethbridge , L. and Phipps , S. 2002 . Is history destiny? Resources, transitions and child education attainments in Canada: Final report. , Ottawa, Ontario, , Canada : Human Resources Development Canada, Applied Research Branch, Strategic Policy .
   Google Scholar
• Invernizzi , M. , Juel , C. , Swank , L. and Meier , J. 2003 . PALS: Phonological awareness literacy screening. , Charlottesville : University of Virginia .
   Google Scholar
• Janus , M. and Offord , D. R. 2000 . Reporting on readiness to learn in Canada. . ISUMA Canadian Journal of Policy Research , 1 : 71 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Janus , M. and Offord , D. R. 2007 . Development and psychometric properties of the Early Development Instrument (EDI): A measure of children's school readiness. . Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science , 39 : 1 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janus , M. , Walsh , C. , Viveiros , H. and Offord , D. Population-level assessment of readiness to learn at school for 5-year olds in Canada: Relation to child and parent measures. Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development . Minneapolis, MN.
   Google Scholar
• Juel , C. 1988 . Learning to read and write: A longitudinal study of 54 children from first through fourth grades. . Educational Psychology , 4 : 437 – 447 .
   Google Scholar
• Kameenui , E. J. and Simmons , D. C. 1999 . Toward successful inclusion of students with disabilities: The architecture of instruction. Vol. 1: An overview of materials adaptations. , Reston, VA : Council for Exceptional Children .
   Google Scholar
• Keating , D. P. and Hertzman , C. 1999 . “ Modernity's paradox. ” . In Developmental health and the wealth of nations: Social, biological, and educational dynamics , Edited by: Keating , D. P. and Hertzman , C. 1 – 18 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Keating, D. P., & Simonton, S. Z. (2006, February). Developmental health effects of human development policy. Paper presented at the conference of the National Poverty Center, Bethesda, MD. Retrieved September 15, 2006, from http://www.npc.umich.edu/news/events/healtheffects_agenda/keatingfinal.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Klingner , J. K. , Artiles , A. J. , Kozleski , E. , Harry , B. , Zion , S. and Tate , W. 2005 . Addressing the disproportionate representation of culturally and linguistically diverse students in special education through culturally responsive educational systems. . Education Policy Analysis Archives , 13 : 1 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Kohen , D. , Hertzman , C. , Brooks-Gunn , J. , Forer , B. and Linver , M. 2000 . Effects of unemployment and economic instability on parents and children. , Ottawa, Ontario, , Canada : Human Resources Development Canada, Applied Research Branch, Strategic Policy .
   Google Scholar
• Kohen , D. E. , Brooks-Gunn , J. , Leventhal , T. and Hertzman , C. 2002 . Neighborhood income and physical and social disorder in Canada: Associations with young children's competences. . Child Development , 73 : 1844 – 1860 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohen , D. E. , Hertzman , C. and Wiens , M. 1998 . Environmental changes and children's competencies (Human Resources Development Canada Working Paper W-98-25E). , Ottawa, Ontario : Human Resources Development Canada .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , E. E. and Burkam , D. T. 2002 . Inequality at the starting gate: Social background differences in achievement as children begin school. , Washington, DC : Economic Policy Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Lesaux , N. K. , Rupp , A. A. and Siegel , L. S. in press . Growth in reading skills of children from diverse linguistic backgrounds: Findings from a 5-year longitudinal study. . Journal of Educational Psychology ,
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesaux , N. K. and Siegel , L. S. 2003 . The development of reading in children who speak English as a second language (ESL). . Developmental Psychology , 39 : 1005 – 1019 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Love , J. M. , Aber , J. L. and Brooks-Gunn , J. 1994 . Strategies for assessing community progress toward achieving the first national educational goal. , Cambridge, MA : Mathematica Policy Research .
   Google Scholar
• Massey , D. 1996 . The age of extremes: Concentrated affluence and poverty in the twenty-first century. . Demography , 33 : 395 – 412 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathes , P. G. and Torgesen , J. K. 1998 . All children can learn to read: Critical care for the prevention of reading failure. . Peabody Journal of Education , 73 : 317 – 340 .
   Google Scholar
• Muter , V. , Hulme , C. and Snowling , M. 1997 . The phonological abilities test. , London : Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• National Center for Education Statistics. 2005 . National assessment of educational progress, 2003, reading assessments. , Washington, DC : U. S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences .
   Google Scholar
• National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. 2000 . Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction (National Institutes of Health Publication No. 00-4769). , Washington, DC : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services .
   Google Scholar
• Nelson , J. R. , Benner , G. J. and Gonzalez , J. 2003 . Learner characteristics that influence the treatment effectiveness of early literacy interventions: A meta-analytic review. . Learning Disabilities Research and Practice , 18 : 255 – 267 .
   Google Scholar
• Offord , D. , Last , J. and Barrette , P. 1985 . A comparison of the school performance, emotional adjustment, and skill development of poor and middle-class children. . Canadian Journal of Public Health , 76 : 174 – 178 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Offord , D. R. , Kraemer , H. C. , Kazdin , A. E. , Jensen , P. S. and Harrington , R. 1998 . Lowering the burden of suffering from child psychiatric disorder: Trade-offs among clinical, targeted, and universal interventions. . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 37 : 686 – 694 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rootman , I. and Ronson , B. Literacy and health research in Canada: Where have we been and where should we go? . Paper prepared for an International Think Tank on Reducing Health Disparities and Promoting Equity for Vulnerable Populations, Canadian Institute for Health Research. Ottawa, Ontario : Canadian Institute for Health Research .
   Google Scholar
• Rose , G. 1994 . The strategy of preventive medicine. , Oxford, , England : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Share , D. L. 2004 . Knowing letter names and learning letter sounds: A causal connection. . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 88 : 213 – 233 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shepard , L. A. 1997 . Children not ready to learn? The invalidity of school readiness testing. . Psychology in the Schools , 34 : 85 – 97 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shonkoff , J. and Phillips , D. A. 2000 . From neurons to neighborhoods. , Washington, DC : National Academy of Sciences .
   Google Scholar
• Siegel , L. S. and Ladyman , S. 2001 . A review of special education in British Columbia. , British Columbia, , Canada : British Columbia Ministry of Education Victoria .
   Google Scholar
• Snow , C. , Burns , M. and Griffin , P. 1998 . Preventing reading difficulties in young children. , Washington, DC : National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Snow , C. E. , Barnes , W. S. , Chandler , J. , Goodman , I. F. and Hemphill , L. 1991 . Unfulfilled expectations: Home and school influences on literacy. , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Snow , C. E. and Juel , C. 2005 . “ Teaching children to read: What do we know about how to do it? ” . In Science of reading: A handbook , Edited by: Snowling , M. J. and Hulme , C. 501 – 520 . Oxford, , England : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Snow , C. E. , Tabors , P. O. , Nicholson , P. A. and Kurland , B. F. 1995 . SHELL: Oral language and early literacy skills in kindergarten and first grade children. . Journal of Research in Childhood Education , 10 : 37 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Stahl , S. 1999 . Vocabulary development. , Cambridge, MA : Brookline Books .
   Google Scholar
• Stanovich , K. E. 1986 . Matthew effects in reading: Some consequences of individual differences in the acquisition of literacy. . Reading Research Quarterly , 21 : 360 – 407 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2005). Learning a living: First results of the adult literacy and life skills survey. Retrieved November 15, 2005, from http://www.abc-canada.org/media_room/news/all_survey_summary.shtml
   Google Scholar
• Sugai , G. and Horner , R. 1999 . Discipline and behavioral support: Practices, pitfalls and promises. . Effective School Practices , 17 : 10 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Sugai , G. and Horner , R. H. 2001 . Features of an effective behavior support at the school district level. . Beyond Behavior , 11 : 16 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor-Green , S. , Brown , D. , Nelson , L. , Longton , J. , Gassman , T. and Cohen , J. 1997 . School-wide behavioral support: Starting the year off right. . Journal of Behavioral Education , 7 : 99 – 112 .
   Google Scholar
• Wagner , R. , Francis , D. J. and Morris , R. 2005 . Identifying English language learners with learning disabilities: Key challenges and possible approaches. . Learning Disabilities Research & Practice , 20 ( 1 ) : 6 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Waldie , K. and Spreen , O. 1993 . The relationship between learning disabilities and persisting delinquency. . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 6 : 417 – 423 .
   Google Scholar
• White , K. R. 1982 . The relation between socioeconomic status and academic achievement. . Psychological Bulletin , 91 : 461 – 481 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson , G. S. 1993 . The Wide Range Achievement Test-3. , Wilmington, DE : Jastak Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Willms , J. D. 2003 . Ten hypotheses about socioeconomic gradients and community differences in children's developmental outcomes: Final report. , Ottawa, Ontario, , Canada : Human Resources Development Canada, Applied Research Branch, Strategic Policy .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , A. M. and Lesaux , N. K. 2001 . Persistence of phonological processing deficits in college students with dyslexia who have age-appropriate reading skills. . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 34 : 394 – 400 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshikawa , H. and Zigler , E. 2000 . Mental health in Head Start: New directions for the twenty-first century. . Early Education and Development , 11 : 247 – 264 .
   Google Scholar