Links Between Preschoolers' Behavioral Regulation and School Readiness Skills: The Role of Child Gender

Abstract

Research Findings: We examined relations among preschoolers' behavioral regulation, gender, and school readiness outcomes in preacademic and classroom skills using a sample of South Korean preschoolers aged 3–5 (N = 229). Behavioral regulation was assessed using a direct measure, the Head–Toes–Knees–Shoulders task, which requires children to switch rules by responding in the opposite way to 4 different oral commands. Results demonstrated nonsignificant gender differences in behavioral regulation and academic skills but significant gender differences in classroom work-related skills and social skills, with higher scores for girls. Multilevel path modeling revealed that behavioral regulation predicted none of the preacademic skills and classroom behaviors after child age, gender, verbal intelligence, maternal education, and classroom nesting were controlled. However, there was an interaction effect of behavioral regulation and gender for early reading; the contribution of behavioral regulation to early reading was positive and stronger for boys. Practice or Policy: These results suggest that behavioral regulation is not an overall strong predictor of school readiness in South Korean children. Early educators need to support the development of behavioral regulation skills, especially for boys, as these skills may work as an important path to school readiness when children lack other classroom social strategies and resources.

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Corrigendum

Notes

Note. K-WPPSI = Korean-Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence; HTKS = Head–Toes–Knees–Shoulders task; CBRS = Child Behavior Rating Scale.

Note. ANCOVA = analysis of covariance F statistics.

†p < .05. ***p < .001.

Note. Coefficients provided here are standardized estimates after nesting in classroom is controlled. Comparative fit index = .829; root mean square error of approximation = .111; standardized root-mean-square residual Level 1 = .065, Level 2 = .187.

*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.