Discover potential inhibitors for PFKFB3 using 3D-QSAR, virtual screening, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation

Abstract

The 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3 (PFKFB3) is a master regulator of glycolysis in cancer cells by synthesizing fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-BP), a potent allosteric activator of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), which is a rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis. PFKFB3 is an attractive target for cancer treatment. It is valuable to discover promising inhibitors by using 3D-QSAR pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Twenty molecules with known activity were used to build 3D-QSAR pharmacophore models. The best pharmacophore model was ADHR called Hypo1, which had the highest correlation value of 0.98 and the lowest RMSD of 0.82. Then, the Hypo1 was validated by cost value method, test set method and decoy set validation method. Next, the Hypo1 combined with Lipinski's rule of five and ADMET properties were employed to screen databases including Asinex and Specs, total of 1,048,159 molecules. The hits retrieved from screening were docked into protein by different procedures including HTVS, SP and XP. Finally, nine molecules were picked out as potential PFKFB3 inhibitors. The stability of PFKFB3-lead complexes was verified by 40 ns molecular dynamics simulation. The binding free energy and the energy contribution of per residue to the binding energy were calculated by MM-PBSA based on molecular dynamics simulation.

Keywords:

• PFKFB3
• 3D-QSAR
• virtual screening
• molecular docking
• molecular dynamics simulation
• MM-PBSA

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge those who have lent me hands in this paper and express their sincere gratitude to the listed authors, as well as College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.