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Original Articles

Faible niveau d’agressivité intraspécifique chez les colonies d’Anochetus ghilianii (Spinola, 1851) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) au Rif occidental (Nord-Ouest du Maroc)

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Pages 157-165 | Received 06 Feb 2016, Accepted 25 Mar 2016, Published online: 13 Jun 2016
 

RÉSUMÉ

Le comportement agressif d’Anochetus ghilianii (Spinola, 1851) a été évalué au laboratoire par la méthode de confrontations individuelles entre des ouvrières appartenant à 17 colonies prélevées dans 11 sites du Rif occidental marocain, en fonction de la distance géographique qui les sépare. Cette étude visait à mieux comprendre l’organisation sociale de cette espèce, ainsi que son mode de reproduction et de fondation de nouvelles colonies. Trois types de comportements ont été manifestés par les fourmis adversaires: agressif, faiblement agressif et non-agressif. Le dernier type de comportement a été le plus noté avec un pourcentage moyen de 82,56%, et prédominait dans huit colonies. En revanche, le comportement agressif ne représentait que 9,61% en moyenne et n’apparaissait que quand la distance approximative entre les colonies dépassait 1500 m. En outre, le pourcentage de comportements agressifs augmentait considérablement avec la distance géographique entre les colonies. La corrélation était significativement positive pour les comportements agressifs et négative pour les comportements non-agressifs. Ce résultat suggère une faible distance génétique entre les colonies suite à une éventuelle reproduction coloniale par fission (fondation dépendante de colonie).

ABSTRACT

The aggressive behaviour of Anochetus ghilianii (Spinola, 1851) was estimated in the laboratory by observing the outcome of individual confrontations between workers belonging to 17 colonies according to the geographical distance between these colonies. This study aimed to better understand the social organization of this species and its mode of reproduction and colony foundation. Three categories of behaviours were exhibited by the opponent ants: aggressive, low-aggressive and non-aggressive. The latter category was the most prevalent with an average percentage of 82.56%, and prevailed in eight colonies. Conversely, aggressive behaviours represented only 9.61% of the records on average and appeared only when distance between colonies exceeded 1500 m. In addition, the percentage of aggressive behaviours considerably increased in relation to the geographical distance between the colonies. There was a significant positive correlation for aggressive behaviours, and negative for non-aggressive behaviours. This low level of aggressive behaviour suggests a short genetic distance between colonies which could have arisen through colony fission reproduction (dependent colony foundation).

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