Effects of cognitive-behavioural therapy on anxiety, depression and condom use in people with HIV in Mexico City: a pilot study

ABSTRACT

Anxiety and depression in people living with HIV (PLWH) are negatively associated with healthy sexual behaviours. We pilot-tested a Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT)-based intervention to reduce anxiety and depression, aimed to increase serostatus disclosure to sexual partners, quality of sexual life (QoSL) and condom use. The study had a single-case experimental design (AB) with follow-up measures. Eleven PLWH with moderate/severe anxiety/depression received six-module CBT intervention delivered in ten one-hour individual weekly sessions. Anxiety, depression, consistent/correct condom use and QoSL were measured. Depression and anxiety decreased after the intervention (depression baseline [BL] Mdn = 21, final [F] Mdn = 3, z = -2.934, p = .003; anxiety BL Mdn = 30, F Mdn = 4, z = -2.941, p = .003). QoSL improved (BL Mdn = 28, F Mdn = 13, z = -2.625, p = .009), along with participants’ ability to use condoms (57.14 vs.100, z = -2.937, p = .003). Effect size was large, changes were maintained at follow-up measurements. The CBT intervention had positive effects in reducing anxiety and depression, which could facilitate the acquisition of healthy sexual behaviours. Further studies are important to clarify the benefits of targeting emotional variables to improve wellbeing and prevention behaviours in PLWH.

KEYWORDS:

• HIV/AIDS
• anxiety
• depression
• condom use
• cognitive-behavioural therapy

Acknowledgments

Authors are gratefully indebted to the study participants. We thank the Psychosocial team, the Virological Diagnostics Laboratory, and the administrative staff of the Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIENI) for the support provided during data collection. We thank Dr. Manya Magnus for her invaluable feedback and encouragement. A preliminary version of the present paper was part of the doctoral thesis of the first author under advisorship of the last.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1. Jacobson-Truax method provide three categories of change: recovered (decrease in score >15 and reaching zero points), improved (decrease in score >15 without reaching zero points) and no improvement (score change <3 points).

Additional information

Funding

The present study was supported by a scholarship from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT No. 202585) to Nancy Patricia Caballero-Suárez.