Spanish validation of the cardiac self-efficacy scale: a gender invariant measure

ABSTRACT

The aim is to validate the Spanish version of the Cardiac Self-Efficacy (S-CSE) Scale by examining its psychometric properties and to test the invariance for women and men. Two groups − 722 and 522- of patients completed the S-CSE Scale and other psychosocial measures during a medical revision several months after being diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. Construct validity was psychometrically evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with a split of the first sample and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with a second split of the same sample. Scale structure was confirmed using the second sample. Convergent, discriminant, and external validity were tested. Results revealed that the S-CSE Scale was represented by three dimensions (control symptoms, control illness, maintain functioning) obtaining excellent reliability indexes and it appeared to be invariant for women and men. The S-CSE scale is a useful tool for monitoring the general well-being of these patients to promote individualized interventions.

KEYWORDS:

• Cardiac self-efficacy
• Sullivan’s scale
• Spanish version
• validity
• gender invariant measure

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the collaboration of the IMIBIC’s research group GC09-Nutrigenomics Metabolic Syndrome.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Contributions of authors

AA, EC, CT, BL, RC-M, SJR, and TG-D contributed to the development of the study concept and design. GQ-N and PP-M comanaged the access to participants from the primary study. AA and TG-D contributed to data acquisition. AA, EC and CT contributed to data analysis and interpretation. AA, EC and CT drafted the paper. AA, BL, RC-M, GQ-N, PP-M, and SJR contributed to critical revision of the manuscript. BL contributed to project administration. CT and BL obtained funding acquisition. All authors approved the final version of the paper for submission.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [Grant number PSI2014-58609-R]; the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [Grant number PID2019-107304RB-I00]; and the Andalusian Government [Grant number PI-0098-2018].