Perceptions of stakeholders regarding wilderness and best management practices in an Alaska recreation area

Abstract

This article focuses on the collaborative and voluntary Wilderness Best Management Practices (WBMP) for managing recreation in Tracy Arm-Fords Terror Wilderness in Alaska. Stakeholder definitions of wilderness, opinions about the WBMP, and whether these opinions are reflective of their perceptions of wilderness are examined. Interviews with tour operators, agency personnel, cruise industry representatives, and local residents showed that most expressed some degree of purism in their definitions of wilderness (e.g. solitude and minimal impact), although cruise representatives had less purist definitions. With the exception of cruise representatives, most felt that the wilderness character of this area is threatened by vessel traffic. Most supported the WBMP as alternatives to regulations because they allowed for freedom and input, but many felt that these practices may be unable to address future impacts. A few small and more purist operators felt that if the wilderness characteristics were threatened, they might support regulations. Others, however, displayed a type of cognitive dissonance by expressing concern over threats to this wilderness, yet rejecting regulations that may be needed for protecting the wilderness experiences they value the most.

Keywords:

• wilderness
• stakeholders
• collaboration
• best management practices
• codes of conduct
• recreation management

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Dr John Bliss, Dr Glen Murphy, the anonymous reviewers, and the editors are thanked for comments on earlier versions. The authors also thank the interview participants for their cooperation and support. The lead author was at Oregon State University when this research was conducted.

FUNDING

The authors acknowledge funding from the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station and other support from Oregon State University.