Validating the Chinese-translated version of the Spiritual Health and Life-orientation Measure (SHALOM) amongst the Chinese youth populations in 2010 and 2018

ABSTRACT

This cross-sectional study validated the Chinese-translated version of the Spiritual Health and Life-orientation Measure (SHALOM) in two samples of university students in Hong Kong. The first sample comprised 546 Chinese university students who were educated under the old educational system (i.e. 3 + 2 + 2 + 3 scheme) and are known as ‘Generation Y’. Data for this sample were collected in 2010 for Fisher and Wong. The second sample involved 474 Chinese university students educated after educational reform in 2009 (i.e. 3 + 3 + 4 scheme) collected in 2018. Results in both years revealed high internal consistency. Whereas the SHALOM model proposes four domains of spirituality (personal, communal, environmental and transcendental), exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that a three-factor model provided the best fit to the data, with the personal and communal domains combined as one domain. This three-factor model was identified in both the 2010 and 2018 samples, and in both males and females. Findings indicated that compared to non-religious participants, religious participants had significantly higher scores in the transcendental domain of spiritual health on both the ideal values and lived experience subscales. The results are discussed in relation to Confucian philosophy. Future research on the spiritual health of youth in Hong Kong is suggested.

KEYWORDS:

• Spirituality
• spiritual well-being
• Chinese youth

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Hok-Ko Pong

Hok-Ko Pong is a teaching fellow at Faculty of Management and Hospitality, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. He has taught various subjects in higher education for nearly 14 years. His research interests include life and value education, business education, spirituality and holistic education.

Email: [email protected]

Chi Hung Leung

Chi Hung Leung is Associate Professor in the Department of Special Education & Counselling at the Education University of Hong Kong. He has taught various psychology subjects for nearly 14 years. His research focuses are (a) Play and social competence, (b) Chinese parenting practices, (c) Learning effectiveness among University students, and (d) Assessing moral development of preschool children.

Email: [email protected]

Ching-Leung Lung

Ching-Leung Lung is Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Department of Special Education & Counselling at the Education University of Hong Kong. He has taught various School Guidance and counselling subjects. His research focuses are (a) Guidance and Counselling, (b) Teaching and learning, (c) Social and Personal Education, and (d) Teacher Education.

Email: [email protected]