Vitamin D supplementation improves the metabolic syndrome risk profile in postmenopausal women

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of isolated vitamin D (VD) supplementation on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk profile in postmenopausal women.

Methods: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 160 postmenopausal women aged 50–65 years were randomized into two groups: VD group, supplementation with 1000 IU vitamin D₃/day (n = 80); or placebo group (n = 80). The intervention time was 9 months, and the women were assessed at baseline and endpoint. Clinical and anthropometric data were collected. Biochemical parameters, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin, were measured. The plasma concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results: After 9 months, there was a significant increase in the 25(OH)D levels for VD group (+45.4%, p < 0.001), and a decrease (−18.5%, p = 0.049) in the placebo group. In the VD group, a significant reduction was observed in triglycerides (−12.2%, p = 0.001), insulin (−13.7%, p = 0.008), and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (−17.9%, p = 0.007). In the placebo group, there was an increase in glucose (+6.2%, p = 0.009). Analysis of the risk adjusted for age, time since menopause, and body mass index showed that women supplemented with VD had a lower risk of MetS (odds ratio [OR] 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21–0.83), hypertriglyceridemia (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.22–0.85), and hyperglycemia (OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.10–0.52) compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: In postmenopausal women with VD deficiency, isolated supplementation with 1000 IU vitamin D₃ for 9 months was associated with a reduction in the MetS risk profile. Women undergoing VD supplementation had a lower risk of MetS, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperglycemia.

Trial registration: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry identifier: RBR-4MHS32.

摘要

目的: 本研究旨在评价单独补充维生素D(VD)对绝经后妇女代谢综合征(METS)风险的影响。

方法： 在这项双盲、安慰剂对照试验中, 160名年龄在50-65岁的绝经后妇女被随机分为两组：VD组, 每天补充1000IU维生素D3(n=80)；或安慰剂组(n¼80)。干预时间为9个月, 并在基线和终点对妇女进行评估。收集临床和人体测量数据。测定生化参数, 包括总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯、葡萄糖和胰岛素。采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆25-羟基维生素D(25(OH)D)浓度。or

结果： 9个月后, VD组的25(OH)D水平显著增加(+45.4%, p<0.001), 而安慰剂组的25(OH)D水平下降(-18.5%, p=0.049)。在VD组中, 观察到甘油三酯(-12.2%, p=0.001)、胰岛素(-13.7%, p=0.008)和胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估(-17.9%, p=0.007)显著降低。在安慰剂组中, 血糖有升高（+6.2%, p=0.009)。对年龄、绝经时间和体重指数进行调整后的风险分析表明, 与安慰剂组相比, 服用VD的女性患MetS (比值比[OR]0.42；95%可信区间[CI]0.21-0.83)、高甘油三酯血症(OR 0.43；95%CI 0.22-0.85)和高血糖(OR 0.23；95%CI 0.10-0.52)的风险较低(p<0.05)。

结论: 在有VD缺乏的绝经后妇女中, 单独补充1000IU维生素D3 9个月与MetS风险降低相关。接受VD补充的妇女患MetS、高甘油三酯血症和高血糖的风险较低。

Keywords:

• Vitamin D
• supplementation
• postmenopausal women
• metabolic syndrome

Potential conflict of interest

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by grants from the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [grant number 2014/19382-3].