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Feature Articles

Occupational participation and institutionalized elderly people

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Pages 383-392 | Published online: 30 Apr 2018
 

ABSTRACT

To identify the occupational participation pattern of institutionalized elderly people in Portugal, a non-experimental investigation with a descriptive correlational and inferential basis was undertaken. The 42 participants, 21 from the Associação de Bem Estar Social dos Reformados e Idosos de Canhestros and 21 from the Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Ferreira do Alentejo in Portugal were assessed using the Occupational Questionnaire. From the total sample, 73.8% (n = 31) were female and 26.2% (n = 11) were male, in the age range 68 and 94 years. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS® v. 24 software. It was found that the participants perform a smaller number of occupations during the night, mostly related to sleeping preparation. From their perspective, resting occupations represent 46.8% of the day. They attributed higher feelings of self-efficacy and satisfaction to the occupations performed in the afternoon. There were no statistically significant differences in the average scores for the independent variables schooling or gender, with the exception of Average Degree of Satisfaction, which showed that women were more satisfied. The dependent variables positively influenced each other, that is, as one dependent variable increased the other dependent variables also increased.

为了确定葡萄牙养老院老年人的休闲参与模式,开展了一项描述性的以相关性及推论为基础的非实验性调查。来自退休人员社会福利协会和老年公民协会的21名参与者以及来自葡萄牙Santa Casa daMisericórdiade Ferreira do Alentejo的21名参与者使用休闲问卷进行了评估。总样本中,73.8%(n = 31)是女性,26.2%(n = 11)是男性,年龄在68岁和94岁之间。数据分析使用SPSS®v.24软件进行。结果发现,参与者在夜间进行的休闲活动较少,且主要与为睡眠作准备有关。在他们看来,休息型休闲占了一天的46.8%。他们将更高的自我效能感和满意度归因于下午进行的休闲。平均满意度表明,女性更为满意;除此之外,教育程度或性别的自变量平均值没有统计学显著差异。因变量相互正向影响,即随着一个因变量增加,其它因变量也增加。

En Portugal, con el propósito de identificar el patrón de participación ocupacional de los adultos mayores institucionalizados, se realizó una investigación no experimental con un sesgo descriptivo, correlacional e inferencial. De los 42 participantes que intervinieron en la misma, 21 residen en la Associação de Bem Estar Social dos Reformados e Idosos de Canhestros y los restantes 21 se encuentran hospedados en la Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Ferreira do Alentejo de este país; éstos fueron evaluados mediante el Cuestionario Ocupacional. De la muestra total, 73.8% (n=31) son mujeres y 26.2% (n=11) hombres; sus edades fluctúan entre 68 y 94 años. El análisis de datos se efectuó con la paquetería spss® v. 24. Se constató que los participantes realizan menor número de ocupaciones durante la noche, la mayoría vinculada con sus preparativos para dormir. Desde su perspectiva, 46.8% de las horas del día se destinan a ocupaciones relacionadas con el descanso. Los participantes atribuyen sentimientos de autoeficacia y satisfacción más intensos a las ocupaciones realizadas en la tarde. Tomando en cuenta las variables independientes de escolaridad o género, no se presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las calificaciones promedio, excepción hecha del grado de satisfacción promedio, variable que reveló que las mujeres expresan mayor satisfacción. Además, se verificó que las variables dependientes inciden positivamente unas en otras, esto es, a medida que una variable dependiente aumenta, también lo hacen las otras variables dependientes.

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