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Feature Articles

Situating occupational injustices experienced by children with disabilities in rural India within sociocultural, economic, and systemic conditions

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Pages 97-114 | Accepted 09 Feb 2021, Published online: 21 Mar 2021
 

ABSTRACT

This paper contributes to diversifying and situating understandings of occupational injustices through presenting findings from the knowledge generation phase of a participatory action research (PAR) project that utilized participatory filmmaking with children with disabilities in rural South India as co-researchers. Centering on situations of occupational injustices generated through a participatory analysis conducted with the child co-researchers, a critical theoretical analysis, informed by critical occupational science and critical disability perspectives, was carried out. This theoretical analysis of data generated through the filmmaking process, as well as data generated with parents of children with disabilities, community members, and service providers, was used to elucidate forces shaping and perpetuating occupational injustices within the study context. Findings address the complex layers of sociocultural, economic, and systemic forces shaping occupational injustices, as well as ways contested responsibility and individualization of issues limited collective action. The paper illustrates the contributions that can be made through critical participatory approaches to enhancing understanding of the production and perpetuation of occupational injustices in ways that contribute to nuanced understanding of diverse human occupations. As well, issues of occupational injustice related to occupational marginalization, restricted occupational possibilities, occupational degradation, and non-sanctioned occupations are fore fronted.

本文通过展示参与式行动研究 (PAR) 项目的知识生成阶段的发现,从而有助于对生活活动不公正的理解的多样化和定位。PAR项目将参与电影制作的印度南部农村残疾儿童作为合伙研究者。以通过与儿童合伙研究者一起进行的参与性分析而产生的生活活动不公正情况为中心,根据批判性生活活动科学和批判性残疾角度,进行了批判性理论分析。对通过电影制作过程产生的数据以及残疾儿童的父母、社区成员和服务提供者产生的数据进行的这种理论分析,被用来阐明在该研究背景下塑造和继续生活活动不公正的因素。调查结果针对于塑造生活活动不公正的社会文化、经济和系统力量的复杂层面,以及争论责任的方式和限制集体行动的个性化问题。该文说明了通过关键的参与方法可以有助于增强对生活活动不公正的产生和持续的理解, 从微细处了解各种人类活动。同样,与生活活动边缘化、有限的生活活动可能性、生活活动退步和未经批准的生活活动相关的生活活动不公正问题也被提出。

Este artículo contribuye a diversificar y situar la comprensión de las injusticias laborales presentando los resultados arrojados por la fase de generación de conocimientos de un proyecto de investigación-acción participativa (PAR). El mismo utilizó la filmación participativa con niños que poseen discapacidades como coinvestigadores, en el sur rural de la India. Centrándose en las situaciones de injusticia laboral detectadas a través del análisis participativo realizado con los niños coinvestigadores, se llevó a cabo un análisis teórico crítico, sustentado en la ciencia ocupacional crítica y las perspectivas críticas de la discapacidad. Dicho análisis teórico de la información que se generó durante el proceso de filmación y en las interacciones con los padres de los niños con discapacidad, los miembros de la comunidad y los proveedores de servicios, se usó para identificar las fuerzas que dan forma y perpetúan las injusticias laborales en el contexto del estudio. Los resultados dan cuenta de las complejas capas de fuerzas socioculturales, económicas y sistémicas que moldean las injusticias ocupacionales, así como del modo en que la responsabilidad impugnada y la individualización de los problemas limitan la acción colectiva. Este estudio ilustra los aportes que pueden hacerse empleando enfoques participativos críticos para mejorar la comprensión de la producción y perpetuación de las injusticias ocupacionales, a fin de contribuir a una comprensión matizada de las diversas ocupaciones humanas. Asimismo, se destacan las cuestiones de injusticia ocupacional relacionadas con la marginación ocupacional, las posibilidades ocupacionales restringidas, la degradación ocupacional y las ocupaciones no sancionadas.

RÉSUMÉ

Cet article contribue à diversifier et à situer l'interprétation des injustices occupationnelles en présentant les résultats tirés de la phase de génération de connaissances d'un projet de recherche-action participative (RAP) qui utilise la réalisation participative de film avec, comme cochercheurs et cochercheuses, des enfants ayant des incapacités et vivant dans les régions rurales du sud de l'Inde. Éclairée par les sciences de l'occupation critiques et les perspectives critiques du handicap, une analyse de théorie critique, centrée sur les situations d'injustices occupationnelles, générées dans le cadre d'une analyse participative menée avec les enfants cochercheurs·et cochercheuses, a été réalisée. Cette analyse théorique des données générées dans le cadre du processus de réalisation de film, ainsi que des données générées avec des parents d'enfants vivant avec des incapacités, des membres de la communauté et des prestataires de services, a permis d'expliciter les forces qui façonnent et perpétuent les injustices occupationnelles dans le contexte de l'étude. Les conclusions portent sur les couches complexes de forces socioculturelles, économiques et systémiques qui façonnent les injustices occupationnelles, ainsi que la manière dont la contestation de la responsabilité et l'individualisation des problèmes limitent l'action collective. L'article illustre les contributions qui peuvent être apportées par les approches participatives critiques pour améliorer la compréhension de la production et de la perpétuation des injustices occupationnelles, de manière à contribuer à une interprétation nuancée des diverses occupations de l'homme. De même, les enjeux d'injustice occupationnelle liés à la marginalisation occupationnelle, aux possibilités occupationnelles limitées, à la dégradation occupationnelle et aux occupations socialement non approuvées sont à l'avant-plan.

Disclosure of Interest

The authors report no conflict of interest. The first author was a recipient of the Ontario Trillium Doctoral Scholarship, and this study was partially supported by funds from the Christian Medical College Vellore Fluid Research Grant.

Land Acknowledgement

We acknowledge that Western University is located on the traditional lands of the Anishinaabek, Haudenosaunee, Lūnaapéewak and Attawandaron (Add-a-won-da-run) peoples, on lands connected with the London Township and Sombra Treaties of 1796 and the Dish with One Spoon Covenant Wampum. We respect the longstanding relationships that Indigenous Nations have to this land, as they are the original caretakers. We acknowledge historical and ongoing injustices that Indigenous Peoples (e.g., First Nations, Métis and Inuit) endure in Canada, and Western University accepts responsibility as a public institution to contribute toward revealing and correcting miseducation as well as renewing respectful relationships with Indigenous communities through our teaching, research, and community service.

Acknowledgement

The authors thank the child co-researchers, as well as parents, service providers, and community members involved in this project for their valuable insights. Special thanks to Mrs. Masillamalar Mathuranayagam for her support with the translation of transcripts, as well as to the staff from the Department of Community Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore, through which this research project was carried out. This article is drawn from the dissertation work of the first author.

Notes

1 The term ‘children’ is used to refer to all individuals below the age of 18 years (United Nations, Citation1989). We acknowledge that definitions for the terms children and youth are approached differently within different contexts, but addressing this debate is beyond the scope of this paper.

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