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Feature Articles

Envisioning better opportunities for young-system-survivors: A critical dialogical study among occupational therapists promoting inclusive practices in Germany

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Pages 132-148 | Received 31 Jan 2023, Accepted 31 Jul 2023, Published online: 30 Aug 2023
 

ABSTRACT

Despite current inclusion discourses in Germany, specific groups of children and adolescents with mental health problems are identified by healthcare services as “too difficult to manage”, creating varied exclusion processes. In this study, the term young-system-survivors is used for destigmatization purposes. While occupational science discourses suggest that social inclusion should be addressed at the level of social structures, institutions, and norms, local social policies limit German healthcare practitioners from engaging with young-system-survivors to address both complex social and health issues. Using a critical dialogical approach, this study explored how occupational therapists envision inclusive practices promoting young-system-survivors participation in Germany. The data were collected through individual dialogical interviews and two focus groups with eight German occupational therapists and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The findings are presented as one overarching theme: The struggle of young-system-survivors to have real opportunities, composed of three subthemes a) Affirming a client-centred stance and continuity, b) Creating possibilities by addressing context-specific demands, and c) Reflecting and enacting advocacy. The findings illustrate how the participants reflect on their fundamental humanistic stance and their occupational perspective to demand a more socially responsive practice. Inspired by scholars developing the epistemologies of the south, this study draws on the concept of Social Occupational Therapy to widen the prospect of establishing multidimensional aspects of social inclusion and calls for collaborative practices to foster the visibility and consideration of young-system-survivors.

A pesar de los discursos de inclusión vigentes en Alemania, los servicios de salud clasifican a determinados grupos de niños y adolescentes con problemas de salud mental como “demasiado difíciles de tratar”. Esto propicia diversos procesos de exclusión. A fin de desestigmatizarlos, el presente estudio utiliza el término “jóvenes supervivientes del sistema”. Mientras los discursos de la ciencia ocupacional indican que la inclusión social debe ser abordada a nivel de estructuras sociales, instituciones y normas, las políticas sociales existentes en el ámbito local limitan la participación de los profesionales sanitarios animales con jóvenes supervivientes del sistema impidiéndoles abordar de manera adecuada problemas sociales y de salud complejos. Empleando un enfoque dialógico crítico, este estudio examinó el modo en que los terapeutas ocupacionales de Alemania conciben que las prácticas inclusivas podrían promover la participación de dichos jóvenes. La información pertinente se recopiló mediante la aplicación de entrevistas dialógicas individuales y en dos grupos de discusión en los que participaron ocho terapeutas ocupacionales alemanes. La información obtenida fue evaluada utilizando un análisis temático reflexivo. Los hallazgos se presentan como un tema general: la lucha de jóvenes supervivientes del sistema por tener oportunidades reales, mismo que se desagregó en tres subtemas: a) afirmar una postura centrada en el cliente y la continuidad; b) crear posibilidades abordando las demandas específicas del contexto; y c) reflexionar y promulgar la incidencia. Los resultados ilustran la reflexión de los participantes en torno a su postura humanista fundamental y su perspectiva ocupacional, orientada a exigir una práctica más sensible a lo social. Inspirado por los estudiosos que desarrollan las epistemologías del Sur, este estudio se basa en el concepto de terapia ocupacional social para ampliar la perspectiva encaminada a establecer aspectos multidimensionales de la inclusión social. Además, reclama prácticas de colaboración con el fin de fomentar la visibilidad y de que los jóvenes supervivientes del sistema sean tomados en cuenta.

尽管德国目前存在包容性讨论,但医疗服务机构仍将存在心理健康问题的特定儿童和青少年群体视为“难以管理”,从而制定了各种排除程序。 在本研究中,年轻-系统-幸存者一词用于消除污名化之目的。 虽然生活活动科学论述认为,社会包容应在社会结构、机构和规范层面解决,但当地社会政策限制德国医疗保健从业者与年轻-系统-幸存者合作来解决复杂的社会和健康问题。 本研究采用批判性对话方式,探讨了生活活动治疗师如何设想促进德国年轻-系统-幸存者参与的包容性实践。通过个人对话访谈和由八名德国生活活动治疗师组成的两个焦点小组来收集资料,并用反思性主题分析对资料进行分析。 研究结果作为一个总体主题而被提出:年轻-系统-幸存者为获得真正的机会而奋斗。这个主题由三个子主题组成:a) 确认以客户为中心的立场和连续性,b) 通过解决具体要求而创造可能性,c) 反思并实施倡导。 研究结果说明了参与者如何反思他们的基本人文立场和生活活动视角,以要求对社会更负责的实践。 受到南方认识论学者发展的启发,本研究借鉴了社会生活活动治疗的概念,拓宽了建立社会包容的多维方面的前景,并呼吁合作实践以培养年轻-系统-幸存者的可见性和思考。

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the occupational practitioners who engaged in this study, as well as the two individuals formerly placed within the youth system who volunteered to review an initial manuscript. The research was conducted within the European Master of Science in Occupational Therapy Programme, a consortium of five universities in Europe: The University of Brighton in Great Britain, the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands, the University College Absalon in Denmark, the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden and the Zurich University of Applied Sciences in Switzerland.

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

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