Climate change policy networks: connecting adaptation and mitigation in multiplex networks in Peru

ABSTRACT

Increasing attention is being given to integrating adaptation and mitigation in climate change policies. Policy network analysis is a way to explore connections between adaptation and mitigation, and the opportunities or barriers to effective integration between these two policy subdomains. This study explores climate governance and policy networks by examining collaboration and information flows in national policy processes in Peru, a country with an active climate change policy domain. In contrast to most climate policy network analyses, this study distinguishes adaptation and mitigation subdomains through a multiplex approach. We used ERGM (Exponential Random Graph Models) to explain the existence of information flows and collaborations among 76 key actors in climate change policy in Peru. We identified actors who could connect adaptation and mitigation subdomains. Results show a concentration of influence in national government actors, particularly in the mitigation subdomain, and the isolation of actor groups that matter for policy implementation, such as the private sector or subnational actors. Results highlight the predominance of mitigation over adaptation and the existence of actors well positioned to broker relationships between the subdomains. The top brokers across subdomains were, however, not only actors with high centrality and brokerage roles in the subdomains, but also several ‘unusual key players’ that were not brokers in any of the two layers separately.

Key policy insights

• National government institutions are central actors in climate change policy networks in Peru, reflecting national ownership of the climate change issue.

• Private sector organizations and subnational actors in Peru are the least involved in information sharing and collaboration on climate change.

• Actors from different levels and sectors are active in both adaptation and mitigation, which is good for climate policy integration.

• Actors with the capacity to bridge the two policy subdomains are not necessarily central to each subdomain but may be actors that close structural holes between subdomains.

KEYWORDS:

• Broker
• ERGM
• multiplex
• network analysis
• policy coherence
• synergy

Acknowledgements

The authors thank all interviewees for participating in this study and the anonymous reviewers.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

ORCID

Bruno Locatelli http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2983-1644

Monica Di Gregorio http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2545-217X

Additional information

Funding

The funding partners that have supported this research include the International Climate Initiative (IKI, project 15_III_075) of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (agreement QZA-016/0110), the French funding agency for research (project TRASSE ANR-CONACYT-17-CE32-0012), the ESRC Economic and Social Research Council (grant number ES/K00879X/1), the CCCEP Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy (ESRC grant number ES/K006576/1), and the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (CRP-FTA) with financial support from the CGIAR Fund.