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Articles

Learner agency and the use of affordances in language-exchange interactions

Pages 164-181 | Published online: 17 Mar 2016
 

ABSTRACT

Language exchange refers to a learning partnership between two learners with different native languages who collaborate to help each other improve their proficiency in the other's language. The purpose of this study is to examine the ways in which language-exchange participants activate learner agency to construct opportunities for learning in face-to-face language-exchange interactions. Adopting affordance [van Lier, L. 2000. From input to affordance: Social-interactive learning from an ecological perspective. In J. P. Lantolf (Ed.), Sociocultural theory and second language learning (pp. 245–260). Oxford: Oxford University Press.] as a conceptual framework, this study investigates learner agency manifested in language-exchange interactions by focusing on participants’ use of affordances in initiating talk about the target language and/or culture. Participant interviews are used to examine learners’ perceptions of language-exchange learning and the affordances it offers. The results show substantive variation between participants in the ways they mediate affordances in language-exchange interactions. Their choices and actions in the interaction are affected by their perceptions of language-exchange learning and their mutual relationships with their partners. The study suggests that learners may develop an increased sense of agency through language-exchange interactions. It also reveals that engagement in metalinguistic and intercultural dialogues is not an automatic product of language-exchange interactions but is a demonstration of the learner's conscious efforts to create opportunities for learning.

초록

언어 교환이란 서로 다른 언어를 모국어로 하는 두 명의 학습자가 짝을 이루어 상대방의 모국어를 배우는 관계를 지칭한다. 본 연구에서는 면대면 언어 교환에 참여하는 학습자들이 어떻게 학습 주체성을 발휘하여 대화 속에서 스스로 학습 기회를 만들어 나가는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 학습자가 목표 언어와 문화에 대한 대화를 주도하는 방식에 초점을 맞추어 어포던스[van Lier, 2000. From input to affordance: Social-interactive learning from an ecological perspective. In J. P. Lantolf (Ed.), Sociocultural theory and second language learning (pp. 245–260). Oxford: Oxford University Press.] 활용 양상을 분석하였다. 대화 분석과 더불어 학습자 인터뷰를 통해 학습자의 언어 교환에 대한 인식도 알아보았다. 분석 결과 개별 학습자가 언어 교환 상에서 어포던스를 활용하는 양상이 다양하게 나타났다. 대화 속에서 이루어지는 학습자의 선택과 행동은 언어 교환에 대한 학습자의 인식과 파트너와의 상호호혜적인 관계 형성에 대해 그들이 가지는 태도에 의해 결정되는 것으로 드러났다. 본 연구는 언어 교환이 학습자의 학습 주체성 발달에 이바지하는 학습의 장이 될 수 있음을 제안한다. 또한 언어 교환에서 목표 언어와 문화에 대한 대화는 반드시 필연적으로 나타나는 현상이 아니며, 학습자 자신이 주체성을 발휘하여 학습 기회를 스스로 만들어가는 과정을 통해 나타나는 것임을 보여준다.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes on contributor

Tae youn Ahn (Ph.D., University of Washington) is a research fellow at the Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation (KICE) in South Korea. Her research interests are discourse analysis, sociocultural theory, and qualitative research methods.

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