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Articles

Banal, civic, and cultural nationalism in the United Arab Emirates: paradoxical discourses and complexities

Pages 280-294 | Received 20 Oct 2022, Accepted 03 Mar 2023, Published online: 22 Apr 2023
 

ABSTRACT

Unlike other areas of the Middle East, where nationalism indexes war, border disputes and the dichotomy of ‘us / them’, nationalism in the UAE is usually considered ‘banal’. Banal nationalism, which refers to everyday unconscious flagging of nationalism, receives less attention than ‘hot’ nationalism. However, banal nationalism is not benign. Rather, chronotopic complexities in ‘imagined communities’ impact intercultural communication and belonging in diverse societies. With almost 90% of the UAE’s population being foreign residents, many residents have loyalties and ideological habits from both their country of birth and country of residence. Here, a ‘third space’ often emerges whereby notions of belonging are complex and multilayered. Paradoxical discourses around the creation of ‘authentic’ national spaces run parallel to discourses of tolerance and cosmopolitanism. This article aims to critically assess the implications of contemporary banal, civic, and cultural nationalism to inform future research directions in the UAE setting and beyond.

على عكس المناطق الأخرى في الشرق الأوسط، حيث تشير القومية إلى الحروب والنزاعات الحدودية والانقسام بين ‘نحن/هم’، غالبًا ما تُعتبر القومية في دولة الإمارات ‘قومية مبتذلة’ وتشير إلى التمثيلات والممارسات اليومية الدالة على القومية. ولكن تحظى القومية المبتذلة باهتمام أقل من ذلك الذي تحظى به القوميات الشائكة التي ينتج عنها نزاعات. بدلاً من ذلك يؤثر تواتر المعتقدات والقوميات لدى ‘الجماعات المتخيلة’ على الانتماء والتواصل بين الثقافات في المجتمعات متعددة الأطياف. نظرًا لأن ما يقرب من 90 بالمائة من سكان الإمارات العربية المتحدة هم من الأجانب، فإن العديد منهم لديهم ولاءات لأيديولوجيات قومية في بلدهم الأصلي وبلد إقامتهم. هنا، غالبًا ما تظهر ‘مساحة ثالثة’ تكون فيها مفاهيم الانتماء معقدة ومتعددة الطبقات. تسير الخطابات المتناقضة حول إنشاء مساحات وطنية ‘أصيلة’ بالتوازي مع خطابات التسامح والتعددية اللغوية والثقافية في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة. تهدف هذه المقالة إلى إجراء تقييم نقدي للآثار المترتبة على القومية المعاصرة المبتذلة والمدنية والثقافية لإثراء اتجاهات البحث المستقبلية في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة وخارجها.

Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank Dr. Wafa Zoghbor for kindly providing an Arabic translation of the abstract.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Sarah Hopkyns

Sarah Hopkyns is assistant professor of Applied Linguistics at Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. She received her PhD in Educational Research in the discipline of Applied Linguistics from the University of Leicester, UK. Her research interests include cultural identities, language policy, translingual practice, linguistic landscaping, and English as a global language. She has published widely in journals such as Asian Englishes, Multilingua, Policy Futures in Education, and World Englishes, and has contributed numerous chapters to edited volumes. Sarah is the author of The Impact of Global English on Cultural Identities in the United Arab Emirates (Routledge, 2020) and the co-editor of Linguistic identities in the Arab Gulf States: Waves of Change (Routledge, 2022).

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