Cardioprotective potential of indol-3-carbinol against high salt induced myocardial stress and hypertrophy in Sprague dawley rats besides molecular docking on muscarinic receptor-2

Abstract

The vegetative chemical constituent, indol-3-carbinol (I-3-C) studied for its cardioprotective potential in male Sprague dawley rats. The I-3-C at 20 mg/Kg b.w, p.o significantly (p < 0.001) attenuated the high salt induced hypertrophy and produced antihypertensive effect (p < 0.001) as similar to losartan. Further, it significantly reduced the levels of C-reactive protein (p < 0.05), creatinine kinases isoenzyme (p < 0.01), serum lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.05), myeloperoxidase (p < 0.01) and hydroxyproline (p < 0.01), subsequently increased the nitric oxide level (p < 0.05). The carotid ligation for vascular reactivity against vasopressors revealed a lesser magnitude of change (p < 0.05) in invasive blood pressure for I-3-C, compared to high salt treated animals (p < 0.001). In histology of heart tissue also supported the cardioprotective effect of I-3-C. In silico molecular docking of I-3-C on muscarinic receptor-2 showed the amino acid interaction as similar to acetylcholine.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Indol-3-carbinol
• high salt
• cardioprotective
• myocardial stress
• hypertrophy
• molecular docking

Acknowledgment

Authors are thankful to the Principal, Correspondent for their constant support, encouragement and DST-FIST Facility of Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, AP, India for the providing the proper facility to carry out this work.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.