Classification and Quantification of Phospholipids and Dietary Effects on Lipid Composition in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

The phospholipid (PL) composition of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and the diets on which they were reared during an 8-week indoor feeding trial was characterized. Nine PL classes, including phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidic acid, and phosphatidylserine, were detected and quantified in shrimp, diets, and feed ingredients by high-performance liquid chromatography. Total PL comprised the majority of total lipid—over 69.5% in shrimp tail muscle and over 60.1% in the shrimp whole body. The PC, PE, and PI classes were the most abundant, comprising over 40, 35, and 15%, respectively, of the PL in shrimp tails. Cardiolipin and ceramides were also detected in the shrimp whole body. Dietary crude protein content (40% versus 35%) significantly affected the PL composition of the shrimp whole body. Addition of shrimp floc (suspended particles from shrimp culture) to a 40% crude protein diet yielded higher Pacific white shrimp growth and produced larger-sized shrimp but did not affect the composition of shrimp PL. These results demonstrate the contribution of PLs to the high nutritional value of shrimp meat.

Received January 19, 2010; accepted October 9, 2010

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Support provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service (Grant Agreement Number 59-5320-2-712) is gratefully acknowledged.

Notes

^aSildolje-og Sildemelindustriens Forskningsinstitutt, Norway.

^bHawaii Flour Mills, Honolulu, Hawaii.

^cWilliams Bio-Products, Decatur, Illinois.

^dLand-o-Lakes, Seattle, Washington.

^eCentral Soya Company, Inc., Fort Wayne, Indiana.

^fOmega Protein, Inc., Reedville, Virginia.

^gSolvay Pharmaceuticals, Veenendaal, The Netherlands.

^hOI mineral premix 99.1 to supply the following elements per kilogram of diet: zinc (as sulfate), 72 mg; iron (as sulfate), 36 mg; manganese (as sulfate), 12 mg; copper (as sulfate), 24 mg; cobalt (as chloride), 0.6 mg; iodine (as iodate), 1.2 mg; chromium (trivalent, as chloride), 0.8 mg; selenium (as selenate), 0.2 mg; and molybdenum (as molybdate), 0.2 mg.

ⁱOI vitamin premix 99.1 to supply the following vitamins per kilogram of diet: thiamine, 40 mg; riboflavin, 60 mg; pyridoxine, 60 mg; pantothenic acid, 180 mg; niacin, 80 mg; biotin, 0.6 mg; inositol, 400 mg; folic acid, 6 mg; cyanocobalamine, 0.10 mg; vitamin A, 6,000 international units (IU); vitamin D3, 2,000 IU; vitamin E, 250 mg; vitamin K, 40 mg; and astaxanthin, 60 mg (premix prepared for OI by Roche Vitamins, Inc., Parsippany, New Jersey).

^jCholine 60% to supply 600 mg of active choline per kilogram of diet (Roche Vitamins).

^kStay-C 35% to supply 250 mg of active vitamin C per kilogram of diet (Roche Vitamins).

^lICN Biomedicals, Inc., Aurora, Ohio.

^aNDF = neutral detergent fiber; ADF = acid detergent fiber.