Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve growth and tolerance of Platycladus orientalis under lead stress

Abstract

Platycladus orientalis is a significant woody plant for phytoremediation in heavy metals contaminated soils. The growth and tolerance of host plants under the lead (Pb) stress were enhanced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). To evaluate the adjustment by AMF on growth and activity of antioxidant system of P. orientalis under Pb stress. The two-factor pot experiment was conducted with three AM fungal treatments (noninoculated, Rhizophagus irregularis, and Funneliformis mosseae) and four Pb levels (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg kg⁻¹). AMF increased dry weight, phosphorus uptake, root vitality, and total chlorophyll content of P. orientalis in spite of Pb stress. Compared with nonmycorrhizal treatments, mycorrhizal P. orientalis had lower H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents under Pb stress. AMF increased Pb uptake in roots and decreased the Pb translating to the shoots yet under Pb stress. Total glutathione and ascorbate in roots of P. orientalis were decreased by AMF inoculation. Mycorrhizal P. orientalis had higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in shoots and roots than nonmycorrhizal counterparts. Mycorrhizal P. orientalis under Pb stress showed higher expression of PoGST1 and PoGST2 in roots than that in CK treatments. Future studies will explore the function of induced tolerance genes by AMF of P. orientalis under Pb stress.

NOVELTY STATEMENT

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) decreased the reduced toxicity of lead to Platycladus orientalis under lead stress, including improving growth, root activity, photosynthesis, and antioxidant system activity, while reducing its oxidative damage. At the same time, lead inhibited the symbiosis between AMF and Platycladus orientalis.

HIGHLIGHTS

1. Inoculation of AMF improved the growth of P. orientalis and decreased the Pb accumulation and damage to P. orientalis under Pb stress.

2. AMF improved the antioxidant system and relevant genes expression of P. orientalis.

Keywords:

• Platycladus orientalis
• arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
• lead stress
• antioxidant system

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant [42277027]; [31700530] and the State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources under Grant [SKLCUSA-b202007].