Toward a Structural Understanding of Identity Formation: A Review and Extension of Theory

Abstract

Drawing from the identity status and style constructs, a structural perspective on identity formation is proposed. This structural perspective introduces “boundaries” that frame identity, as a new construct that performs regulatory and delineating functions. Different identity-related boundary types are articulated that align well with the status and style paradigms. By placing identity statuses and styles along a boundary continuum, these constructs are understood in relation to one another. Then, utilizing cybernetic theory, exploration during moratorium is proposed to involve a recursive modification/synthesis process in the development of a clear boundary, which optimally performs its functions. Implications for conceptualizing the identity statuses are offered.