https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9624-0265
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Abstract
RP-3 kerosene fuel is the dominant hydrocarbon fuel used in civilian airplanes in China. Lately, many administration and universal organizations imposed a stringent standard for civilian airplanes pollutants emission. The amount of pollutants emission can be affected by the introduction of a variety of additives into flames, such as inert diluents, gaseous additives. This paper reports the effects of different inert gases (nitrogen and helium) and carbon dioxide dilutions in the oxidizer side on soot characteristics generated from RP-3 kerosene inverse diffusion flames. Flame diluted by carbon dioxide produced less amount of soot compared to flames diluted by nitrogen and helium, possibly because of changes in flame shape and properties such as flame diameter and availability of oxygen atoms. Carbon dioxide suppressed soot precursors formation in inception zone and released particles with smaller diameter due to lack of hydrogen radicals, an increase of hydroxyl radicals pool concentration, and decrease in flame temperature. Flame diluted by helium generated much soot aggregates with bigger primary particles diameter compared to base flame (flame diluted by nitrogen) as a result of high temperature. Soot particles produced in carbon dioxide diluted flame had more amorphous nanostructure, longer interlayer spacing and nanocrystallite height, shorter nanocrystallite width, lesser number of layers, and higher oxygen content compared to flame diluted by nitrogen and helium, which reflected a better oxidation reactivity among other diluted flames.