Effects of various functional groups in graphene on the tensile and flexural properties of epoxy nanocomposites: a comparative study

Abstract

In this article, we investigated the effects of different functional groups in graphene on the mechanical performance of epoxy nanocomposites fabricated using the in-situ polymerization method. This study considered pristine graphene and three different varieties of functionalized graphene (–NH₂, –COOH, and –OH) with varying weight percent (i.e., 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 wt%). The functional groups grafted of graphene have been confirmed through Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectra. Microstructural features and fracture surfaces were also examined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In comparison to pure epoxy, –OH functionalized graphene/epoxy nanocomposites showed a maximum improvement of 37.24% in tensile strength and 38.05% in flexural strength. The improved mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites were attributed to homogeneous dispersion, graphene bridging, and better interfacial contact between epoxy and graphene.

HIGHLIGHTS

• The effect of pristine and functionalized graphene on the mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites was studied.

• Nanocomposites were fabricated for three different wt% (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0) of graphene nanofillers.

• Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with EDX was used to examine the microstructural features of fractured surfaces.

• Graphene enhanced the mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites.

Keywords:

• Graphene
• functional groups
• nanocomposites
• epoxy
• mechanical properties

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Mr. Hitesh Solanki, Head – Composites Testing Laboratory, Ahmedabad Textile Industry’s Research Association, Gujarat, for their grateful help in the testing of composites samples.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Amit Kumar: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft. Kamal Sharma: Resources, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing. Amit Rai Dixit: Supervision, Writing – review & editing.

Declaration of competing interests

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article.