Vibration analysis of embedded porous nanobeams under thermal effects using boosting machine learning algorithms and semi-analytical approach

Abstract

This study presents a thermal vibration analysis of functionally graded porous nanobeams using boosting machine learning models and a semi-analytical approach. Nonlocal strain gradient theory is employed to explore vibration behavior, accounting for thermal and size effects. A semi-analytical approach solution utilizing Fourier series and Stokes’ transform to establish an eigenvalue problem capable of examining vibrational frequencies of porous nanobeams in both rigid and deformable boundary conditions is presented. Four boosting models including gradient boosting (GBoost), light gradient boosting (LGBoost), extreme gradient boosting (LGBoost), and adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) are employed to study the impact of seven crucial parameters on natural frequencies of a nanobeam. Sobol quasi-random space-filling method is used to generate the samples by varying input feature combinations for different porous nanobeam distributions. The model performance is assessed using statistical metrics, visualization tools, 5-fold cross-validation, and SHAP analysis for feature importance. The results highlight the effectiveness of boosting ML models in predicting natural frequencies, particularly XGBoost, which achieved an exceptional R2 value of 0.999, accompanied by the lowest MAE, MAPE, and RMSE values among the models assessed. LGBoost and AdaBoost follow XGBoost in performance, while GBoost exhibits relatively lower effectiveness, as highlighted by radar plots. The SHAP analysis revealed the significant impact of the foundation parameter on frequency prediction, with porosity coefficients notably influencing higher vibration modes.

Keywords:

• Porous nanobeams
• vibration analysis
• boosting algorithms
• size effect
• SHAP analysis

Acknowledgments

Authors would like to thank Bursa Uludağ University Scientific Research Projects (BAP) (Project No: FGA-2022-1211) for their support and the scholarship they provided to the first author.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

Some or all data that support this study’s findings are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Additional information

Funding

Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Scientific Research Projects (BAP) (Project No: FGA-2022-1211) funded the first author during the course of this work. The authors are grateful for this support.