Structural and Thermal Properties of Cellulose Microfiber Isolated from Typha Australis by Sequential Alkali-Oxidative Treatment

ABSTRACT

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of cellulose microfibers extraction from a wetland plant (Typha australis) and to assess its suitability as a source of bio-micro fibers for green composites. The method was based on an alkali sodium hydroxide pretreatment and subsequently an environmentally friendly hydrogen peroxide bleaching process for extracting microfiber. Alkali treatments resulted in fiber separation from leaves by partially removing the hemicellulose and lignin and an oxidative treatment significantly enhanced the effective defibrillation. The effectiveness of this method was confirmed by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). FTIR analysis showed the removal of non-cellulosic materials from the fibers in sequential alkali-bleaching treatments and changes in the absorption of cellulose functional groups. The cellulose content in the fiber increased from 43% to 75% after chemical treatment. XRD analysis showed the increase in the crystallinity of chemically treated fibers from 28% to 63% due to the removal of amorphous components as hemicellulose and lignin. The SEM images confirmed the defibrillation of the Typha fibers with a rigid structure and without degradation after the sequential alkali-bleaching treatments.

摘要

本研究旨在研究从湿地植物 (香蒲) 中提取纤维素微纤维的可行性, 并评估其作为绿色复合材料生物微纤维来源的适用性. 该方法基于碱-氢氧化钠预处理, 随后采用环境友好的过氧化氢漂白工艺提取超细纤维. 碱处理通过部分去除半纤维素和木质素, 使纤维从叶子上分离, 而氧化处理显著增强了有效除颤. 通过傅里叶变换红外分光光度计 (FTIR), X射线衍射 (XRD), 扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和热重分析 (TGA) 证实了该方法的有效性. FTIR分析表明, 在连续的碱漂白处理中, 纤维中的非纤维素物质被去除, 纤维素官能团的吸收发生变化. 化学处理后纤维中纤维素含量从43%增加到75%. XRD分析表明, 由于去除了半纤维素和木质素等非晶态成分, 化学处理后的纤维结晶度从28%提高到63%. SEM图像证实, 经过连续碱漂白处理后, 具有刚性结构且未降解的香蒲纤维除颤.

KEYWORDS:

• Alkali extraction
• bleaching process
• crystallinity
• morphology
• Typhaceae

关键词:

• 碱抽提
• 漂白工艺
• 结晶度
• 形态学
• 香蒲科

Acknowledgments

This study was funded by University of Bonab, Iran (2104)

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Ethical approval

This study does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the University of Bonab [2104].