Pesticide residues in leafy vegetables and human health risk assessment in North Central agricultural areas of Chile

ABSTRACT

To investigate pesticide residue concentrations and potential human health risk, a study was conducted in 118 leafy vegetable samples collected in 2014–2015 from the North Central agricultural areas of Chile. The pesticide residues were determined using the multiresidue QuEChERS method by gas chromatography as well as high-performance liquid chromatography. The results indicated that 27% of the total samples contained pesticide residues above the maximum residue limits of each active ingredient. The maximum estimated daily intake obtained for carbon disulphide (CS₂), methamidophos, azoxystrobin and cypermethrin were 0.57, 0.07, 0.06 and 0.05 mg kg⁻¹, respectively, which was higher than their acceptable daily intake. It is concluded that inhabitants of the North Central agricultural area of Chile are not exposed to health risks through the consumption of leafy vegetables with the exception of methamidophos. Nevertheless, the high levels of methamidophos detected in leafy vegetables could be considered a potential chronic health risk.

KEYWORDS:

• Pesticide residues
• maximum residue limits (MRLs)
• acceptable daily intake (ADI)
• hazard quotient (HQ)

Acknowledgement

This work was financed by the Ministry of Agriculture of Chile (Project 502061-70).

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was financed by the Ministry of Agriculture of Chile [Project 502061-70 and Project 502187-70].