Simplified multi-element analysis of ground and instant coffees by ICP-OES and FAAS

Abstract

A simplified alternative to the wet digestion sample preparation procedure for roasted ground and instant coffees has been developed and validated for the determination of different elements by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) (Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Zn) and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na). The proposed procedure, i.e. the ultrasound-assisted solubilisation in aqua regia, is quite fast and simple, requires minimal use of reagents, and demonstrated good analytical performance, i.e. accuracy from −4.7% to 1.9%, precision within 0.5–8.6% and recovery in the range 93.5–103%. Detection limits of elements were from 0.086 ng ml⁻¹ (Sr) to 40 ng ml⁻¹ (Fe). A preliminary classification of 18 samples of ground and instant coffees was successfully made based on concentrations of selected elements and using principal component analysis and hierarchic cluster analysis.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• ground coffee
• instant coffee
• sample preparation
• ultrasound-assisted solubilisation and extraction
• major
• minor and trace elements
• PCA
• HCA

Additional information

Funding

The National Science Centre funded this work [decision number 2013/09/B/NZ9/00122].